Hackl Albert, Mauschitz Gerd
Department of Mechanical Process Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
Waste Manag Res. 2008 Feb;26(1):5-10. doi: 10.1177/0734242X07087311.
According to the Kyoto Protocol and the burden-sharing agreement of the European Union, Austria is required to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the years 2008 to 2012 in order to achieve an average reduction of 13%, based on the level of emissions for the year 1990. The present contribution gives an overview of the history of GHG emission regulation in Austria and identifies the progress made towards the realization of the national climate strategy to attain the GHG emission targets. The contribution uses Austria as an example of the way in which proper waste management can help to reduce GHG emissions. The GHG inventories show that everything must be done to minimize the carbon input due to waste deposition at landfill sites. The incineration of waste is particularly helpful in reducing GHG emissions. The waste-to-energy by incineration plants and recovery of energy yield an ecologically proper treatment of waste using state-of-the-art techniques of a very high standard. The potential for GHG reduction of conventional waste treatment technologies has been estimated by the authors. A growing number of waste incinerators and intensified co-incineration of waste in Austrian industry will both help to reduce national GHG emissions substantially. By increasing the number and capacity of plants for thermal treatment of waste the contribution of proper waste management to the national target for reduction of GHG emissions will be in the range of 8 to 14%. The GHG inventories also indicate that a potential CO2 reduction of about 500 000 t year(-1) is achievable by co-incineration of waste in Austrian industry.
根据《京都议定书》以及欧盟的负担分担协议，奥地利必须在2008年至2012年期间削减温室气体排放，以便在1990年排放水平的基础上实现平均减排13%。本论文概述了奥地利温室气体排放监管的历史，并指出在实现国家气候战略以达到温室气体排放目标方面所取得的进展。本论文以奥地利为例，说明妥善的废物管理有助于减少温室气体排放的方式。温室气体清单显示，必须尽一切努力将垃圾填埋场废物填埋所产生的碳输入降至最低。废物焚烧尤其有助于减少温室气体排放。焚烧厂的废物能源转化和能源回收利用非常高标准的先进技术对废物进行了生态上妥善的处理。作者们估算了传统废物处理技术的温室气体减排潜力。奥地利越来越多的垃圾焚烧炉以及工业中废物强化共焚烧都将有助于大幅减少国家温室气体排放。通过增加废物热处理厂的数量和处理能力，妥善的废物管理对国家温室气体减排目标的贡献将在8%至14%之间。温室气体清单还表明，奥地利工业中废物共焚烧每年可实现约50万吨二氧化碳的减排潜力。
