Reinhardt Tim, Richers Ulf, Suchomel Horst
Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Technology-Induced Material Flow, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Eggenstein, Germany.
Waste Manag Res. 2008 Feb;26(1):88-95. doi: 10.1177/0734242X07082339.
The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 demands an emission reduction of climate-affecting gases in various industrial sectors. In this context CO2 is one of the relevant gases and waste management is one of the relevant sectors. Referring to the situation in Europe, waste incineration is one of the major sources of CO2 in the waste management sector. The Kyoto Protocol, however, only covers CO2-emissions originating from fossil fuels, whereas the incineration of renewable materials, e.g. wood, is considered to be climate-neutral since it does not make any net contribution to the CO2 inventory of the atmosphere. Unlike the situation with municipal waste, there is little if any information on the CO2-emissions caused by the incineration of hazardous waste in specialized plants, and the renewable fraction in these materials. The present paper focuses on this gap of knowledge. Taking the full-scale hazardous waste incineration plant in Biebesheim, Germany, as an example, a carbon balance was set up for the whole-plant taking into account all other material flows. Afterwards the determination of the proportion of renewable materials in the hazardous waste incinerated by means of the radiocarbon method (14C) is reported. On the basis of the results, optimization potentials are discussed.
1997年的《京都议定书》要求各工业部门减少影响气候的气体排放。在此背景下，二氧化碳是相关气体之一，废物管理是相关部门之一。就欧洲的情况而言，垃圾焚烧是废物管理部门二氧化碳的主要来源之一。然而，《京都议定书》仅涵盖源自化石燃料的二氧化碳排放，而可再生材料（如木材）的焚烧被视为对气候无害，因为它不会对大气中的二氧化碳总量产生任何净贡献。与城市垃圾的情况不同，关于专门工厂中危险废物焚烧所产生的二氧化碳排放以及这些材料中的可再生成分，几乎没有相关信息。本文关注的就是这一知识空白。以德国比伯斯海姆的一座全规模危险废物焚烧厂为例，考虑到所有其他物质流，为整个工厂建立了碳平衡。之后报告了通过放射性碳方法（14C）确定危险废物焚烧中可再生材料比例的情况。基于这些结果，讨论了优化潜力。
