Kang'ethe E K, Ekuttan C E, Kimani V N
Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.,
East Afr Med J. 2007 Nov;84(11 Suppl):S92-5. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v84i11.9582.
To determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in urban dairy cattle and examine possible risk factors for human infection with bovine tuberculosis (BTB).
Cross sectional study.
Urban and peri-urban dairy and non-dairy farming neighbour households.
One hundred forty three dairy cattle and 299 and 149 dairy and non-dairy neighbour households respectively.
Ten percent of the animals (15/143) were found to be reactors to the tuberculin test. The majority of the respondents 57% (168/295) and 72% (106/147) in dairy farming and non-farming households respectively, had limited knowledge of the disease in cattle thus making them unable to adopt any precautionary measures to protect themselves from contracting bovine tuberculosis. Distance from the main house and cattle shed, the time spent attending to the cattle, (on average 4.8 hours), and making of traditionally fermented milk were considered to be the major risk factors.
Due to the presumed high background prevalence of human tuberculosis, the specificity of the test employed was unknown. Therefore no definite estimate of the prevalence of BTB was made. It is therefore necessary for further investigation involving culture, isolation and molecular typing from reactors to establish the prevalence of M. bovis in this setting.
确定城市奶牛中牛结核病的患病率，并研究人类感染牛结核病（BTB）的可能危险因素。
横断面研究。
城市及城郊的奶牛养殖和非奶牛养殖相邻家庭。
143头奶牛以及分别为299户和149户的奶牛养殖和非奶牛养殖相邻家庭。
发现10%的动物（15/143）结核菌素试验呈阳性反应。奶牛养殖户和非养殖户中，分别有57%（168/295）和72%（106/147）的受访者对牛结核病的了解有限，因此无法采取任何预防措施来保护自己免受牛结核病感染。与主屋和牛棚的距离、照料奶牛的时间（平均4.8小时）以及制作传统发酵牛奶被认为是主要危险因素。
由于推测人类结核病的背景患病率较高，所用检测方法的特异性未知。因此，未对牛结核病的患病率做出明确估计。因此，有必要进行进一步调查，包括对阳性反应动物进行培养、分离和分子分型，以确定该环境中牛分枝杆菌的患病率。
