Drexel H, Saely C H, Langer P, Loruenser G, Marte T, Risch L, Hoefle G, Aczel S
Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Feldkirch, Austria.
Eur J Clin Invest. 2008 Apr;38(4):218-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01937.x.
Eccentric endurance exercise (e.g. hiking downwards) is less strenuous than concentric exercise (e.g. hiking upwards) but its potential to reduce cardiovascular risk is unknown.
We randomly allocated 45 healthy sedentary individuals (16 men and 29 women, mean age 48 years) to one of two groups, one beginning with two months of hiking upwards, the other with two months of hiking downwards the same route, with a crossover for a further two months. For the opposite way, a cable car was used where compliance was recorded electronically. The difference in altitude was 540 metres; the distance was covered three to five times a week. Fasting and postprandial metabolic profiles were obtained at baseline and after the two month periods of eccentric and concentric exercise, respectively.
Forty-two of the 45 participants completed the study; the compliance rate was therefore 93%. Compared with baseline, eccentric exercise lowered total cholesterol (by 4.1%; P = 0.026), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (by 8.4%, P = 0.001), Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A1 ratio (by 10.9%, P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance scores (by 26.2%, P = 0.017) and C-reactive protein (by 30.0%; P = 0.007); the magnitude of these changes was comparable to that of concentric exercise. Eccentric exercise improved glucose tolerance (by 6.2%, P = 0.023), whereas concentric exercise improved triglyceride tolerance (by 14.9%, P = 0.022).
Eccentric endurance exercise is a promising new exercise modality with favourable metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects and is well applicable to sedentary individuals.
离心耐力运动（如下山徒步）比向心运动（如上山徒步）强度小，但其降低心血管疾病风险的潜力尚不清楚。
我们将45名健康久坐不动的个体（16名男性和29名女性，平均年龄48岁）随机分为两组，一组开始进行两个月的上山徒步，另一组开始进行两个月的沿同一路线下山徒步，然后交叉进行另外两个月的运动。对于相反方向的运动，使用缆车，并通过电子方式记录依从性。海拔差为540米；每周进行三到五次该距离的运动。分别在基线时以及离心和向心运动两个月后获取空腹和餐后代谢谱。
45名参与者中有42名完成了研究；因此依从率为93%。与基线相比，离心运动降低了总胆固醇（降低4.1%；P = 0.026）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇（降低8.4%，P = 0.001）、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1比值（降低10.9%，P < 0.001）、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估得分（降低26.2%，P = 0.017）和C反应蛋白（降低30.0%；P = 0.007）；这些变化的幅度与向心运动相当。离心运动改善了葡萄糖耐量（提高6.2%，P = 0.023），而向心运动改善了甘油三酯耐量（提高14.9%，P = 0.022）。
离心耐力运动是一种有前景的新型运动方式，具有良好的代谢和抗炎作用，非常适合久坐不动的个体。
