Ouaarab Essadek Hakima, Borrás Bermejo Blanca, Caro Mendivelso Johanna, Rodríguez Arjona L Laia, Bisobe Apolonia, Claveria Guiu Isabel, Gómez I Prat Jordi
Equip de Salut Pública i Comunitària. Unitat de Salut Internacional Drassanes-Vall d'Hebrón. Programa de Salut Internacional de l'Institut Català de la Salut (PROSICS). Barcelona. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2020 Jul 7;94:e202007078.
The World Health Organization estimates that 257 million people suffer from chronic infection by the hepatitis B (HB) virus. It is common for diagnosis to be delayed or never given at all. In Spain, immigrants that come from endemic areas present a prevalence of infection of around 8%. In the year 2015, this study was begun with the aiml of improving accessibility to hepatitis B diagnoses in immigrant communities.
A descriptive qualitative study was carried out, based on participatory action research (IAP). It was divided into two cycles: in the first cycle, after forming a motor group (GIAP), a participatory community assessment (DCP) was performed with the population, through a descriptive-interpretative qualitative study (ECDI) with 3 focal groups (n=17). A narrative analysis was then performed of thematic content. In the second cycle, two collaborative workshops (coworking) were held to create an educational tool (HEPARJOC) and to co-create an action plan (PDA). As a pilot test, the PDA was put into practice through eight workshops (n=56). A knowledge questionnaire was used to compare the median number of correct responses before and after the workshop, using the t of Student for paired data.
A GIAP was formed with 8 members of different sectors and community spaces. In the DCP it was observed that there was a lack of knowledge about different aspects of hepatitis B. Visual, interactive materials were proposed as educational tools, and "HEPARJOC" was created as the final product. In the pilot test of the PDA, the median of correct responses to the knowledge questionnaire about HB was 7.7 (DE=3) before the workshop, and 10.6 (DE=0.2) afterward. The improvement of the median was 2.9 points (IC 95% 2.2-3.6), which is statistically significant (p<0.001). 30 people sought screening (53.6% of participants), and 23 of those people were screened (41% of participants).
"HEPARJOC-ACTUA" is a strategy that could contribute to transforming knowledge and improving accessibility to hepatitis B diagnosis in immigrant communities. Key words: Infectious diseases, hepatitis B, community health, community health agents, health education, participatory action research, immigration. Key words: Infectious.
世界卫生组织估计，有2.57亿人患有慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染。诊断延迟或根本未进行诊断的情况很常见。在西班牙，来自流行地区的移民感染率约为8%。2015年，这项研究开始，旨在提高移民社区获得乙型肝炎诊断的机会。
基于参与式行动研究（IAP）开展了一项描述性定性研究。它分为两个周期：在第一个周期中，在组建了一个行动小组（GIAP）后，通过对3个焦点小组（n=17）进行描述性解释性定性研究（ECDI），与人群进行了参与式社区评估（DCP）。然后对主题内容进行了叙事分析。在第二个周期中，举办了两次协作研讨会（联合办公），以创建一种教育工具（HEPARJOC）并共同制定一项行动计划（PDA）。作为一次试点测试，通过八次研讨会（n=56）实施了PDA。使用知识问卷比较研讨会前后正确回答的中位数数量，对配对数据使用学生t检验。
成立了一个由来自不同部门和社区场所的8名成员组成的GIAP。在DCP中观察到，人们对乙型肝炎的不同方面缺乏了解。提出了视觉、互动材料作为教育工具，并创建了“HEPARJOC”作为最终产品。在PDA的试点测试中，关于乙型肝炎的知识问卷的正确回答中位数在研讨会前为7.7（标准差=3），之后为10.6（标准差=0.2）。中位数的改善为2.9分（95%置信区间2.2 - 3.6），具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。30人寻求筛查（占参与者的53.6%），其中23人接受了筛查（占参与者的41%）。
“HEPARJOC - ACTUA”是一种有助于在移民社区转化知识并提高获得乙型肝炎诊断机会的策略。关键词：传染病、乙型肝炎、社区卫生、社区卫生工作者、健康教育、参与式行动研究、移民。关键词：传染病。
