Hawley K J, Johnston W A
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1991 Aug;17(3):807-15. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.17.3.807.
Two experiments investigated the possibility that perceptual memory for words is dependent on level of awareness of those words. In Experiment 1, subjects attempted to report briefly exposed words in a study phase and then identify words that faded into view in a test phase. Old words appeared in both the study and test phases, whereas new words appeared only in the test phase. Perceptual memory, indexed as the faster identification of old vs. new words, was observed only for words correctly reported in the study phase. In the study phase of Experiment 2, words were flanked by digits, and the distribution of attention between words and digits was varied. Perceptual memory increased from nil to high levels as more attention was allocated to the words. These findings suggest that long-term perceptual memory is dependent on level of awareness of words in the study phase.
两项实验探究了单词的感知记忆是否依赖于对这些单词的意识水平这一可能性。在实验1中，受试者在学习阶段尝试报告短暂呈现的单词，然后在测试阶段识别逐渐显现的单词。旧单词在学习和测试阶段都出现，而新单词只在测试阶段出现。只有在学习阶段正确报告的单词才观察到感知记忆，其指标是对旧单词与新单词的识别更快。在实验2的学习阶段，单词两侧伴有数字，并且单词和数字之间的注意力分配有所变化。随着对单词分配的注意力增加，感知记忆从无到有提高到很高水平。这些发现表明，长期感知记忆依赖于学习阶段对单词的意识水平。
