Cesnik H Basa, Gregorcic A, Cus F
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Central Laboratories, Ljubljana, SI-1000 Slovenia.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2008 Apr;25(4):438-43. doi: 10.1080/02652030701558490.
Although the list of pesticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) in grape growing and their annual application rates are limited, we are still confronted with the problem of pesticide residues in grapes. This paper presents the results of pesticide monitoring of 47 samples of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from the 2006 vintage from vineyards included in IPM. The grape samples were analysed for the presence of 67 pesticides. Among them 20 were allowed in IPM in 2006. Grapes were sampled at harvest. Two internal analytical methods were used for the determination of pesticides: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of dithiocarbamates and a multi-residue GC-MS method. One grape sample (2.1%) contained no residues or they were below the limit of detection, 28 samples (59.6%) contained residues lower or equal than maximum residue levels (MRLs), and 18 samples (38.3%) exceeded national MRLs for cyprodinil (the concentration range was 0.03-0.40 mg kg(-1) of cyprodinil) and fludioxonil (concentration was 0.03 mg kg(-1) of fludioxonil). Multiple residues were found in 41 samples (87.2%). The highest number of pesticides detected per sample was seven. No violation of pesticides allowed in IPM was observed. Folpet (97.9%), cyprodinil (51.1%), dithiocarbamates (44.7%), chlorothalonil (23.4%), chlorpyriphos (19.1%) and pyrimethanil (14.9%) were the most frequently found pesticides in grapes. Risk assessment showed that the exceeded concentrations of cyprodinil and fludioxonil did not represent any risk for consumer's health (the national estimate of short-term intake as a percentage of the acceptable daily intake was below 100%).
尽管葡萄种植综合虫害管理（IPM）中使用的农药清单及其年施用量有限，但我们仍面临葡萄中农药残留的问题。本文展示了对IPM葡萄园2006年份47个酿酒葡萄（欧亚种葡萄）样本进行农药监测的结果。对葡萄样本进行了67种农药的检测。其中20种在2006年的IPM中是允许使用的。葡萄在收获时采样。采用两种内部分析方法测定农药：用气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）法测定二硫代氨基甲酸盐，并用多残留GC - MS法。一个葡萄样本（2.1%）未检出残留或残留量低于检测限，28个样本（59.6%）的残留量低于或等于最大残留限量（MRLs），18个样本（38.3%）的嘧菌环胺（嘧菌环胺浓度范围为0.03 - 0.40 mg kg⁻¹）和咯菌腈（咯菌腈浓度为0.03 mg kg⁻¹）超过了国家MRLs。41个样本（87.2%）中发现了多种残留。每个样本中检测到的农药数量最多为七种。未观察到违反IPM中允许使用的农药的情况。福美双（97.9%）、嘧菌环胺（51.1%）、二硫代氨基甲酸盐（44.7%）、百菌清（23.4%）、毒死蜱（19.1%）和嘧霉胺（14.9%）是葡萄中最常检测到的农药。风险评估表明，嘧菌环胺和咯菌腈的超标浓度对消费者健康不构成任何风险（国家短期摄入量估计值占每日可接受摄入量的百分比低于100%）。
