Johansen K S, Racoveanu N T
Quality of Care and technologies, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Med Prog Technol. 1991;17(2):85-91.
Medical technologies that have high initial and operating costs are commonly labeled 'Big Ticket Technologies'. However, technologies with lower initial and operating costs, but which are utilized extensively in patient care, should be considered Big Ticket as well. Some of these technologies are product innovations, because they represent a new product or service. Others are process innovations because they provide an alternative way of delivering health care. Radiology and radiation oncology offer many examples of Big Ticket technologies in medicine, including CT scanners, MRI units and linear accelerators. Other examples include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and resuscitation and intensive care technologies. Differences in the availability of these technologies in various countries reflects financial incentives and disincentives at work in the countries, expectation levels for health care in the countries, and the degree to which the diffusion and use of medical technologies are regulated. Evidence of the cost-effectiveness of medical technologies, and the impact of their use on health outcomes, is rapidly being added as an additional criterion for evaluation of the usefulness of medical technologies in health care.
初始成本和运营成本高昂的医疗技术通常被称为“高价技术”。然而，初始成本和运营成本较低，但在患者护理中被广泛使用的技术，也应被视为高价技术。其中一些技术是产品创新，因为它们代表了一种新产品或服务。其他的则是流程创新，因为它们提供了一种提供医疗保健的替代方式。放射学和放射肿瘤学提供了医学中许多高价技术的例子，包括CT扫描仪、MRI设备和直线加速器。其他例子包括体外冲击波碎石术以及复苏和重症监护技术。这些技术在不同国家的可获得性差异反映了各国存在的经济激励和抑制因素、各国对医疗保健的期望水平，以及医疗技术的传播和使用受到监管的程度。医疗技术的成本效益证据及其使用对健康结果的影响，正迅速成为评估医疗技术在医疗保健中实用性的一项额外标准。
