Metzing Sabine, Schnepp Wilfried
Institut für Pflegewissenschaft, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Deutschland.
Pflege. 2007 Dec;20(6):331-6. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302.20.6.331.
Children growing up with chronically ill parents and those who are involved into the care of their parents are at risk to experience adverse effects on their whole development. This literature study is part of a research project that intends to work out a basis for specific support for young carers and their families in Germany. Questions concerning the impact on young carers, and also experiences of growing up with a chronically ill parent where addressed to the last 15 years' relevant literature. Children experience positive as well as negative effects, but it is difficult to distinguish between caring responsibilities and the impact of growing up with a chronically ill parent. Positive effects are a good sense of self-esteem, maturity, identity, a close relation to the parents, as well as feeling well prepared for further life. Negative effects become apparent for the child's physical, psychosocial and educational development. Not every young carer experiences negative effects, and not every child of a chronically ill parent will necessarily experience disadvantage. Nevertheless, research results refer to the need for action in order to prevent negative consequences for the child's future life. Projects of support need to integrate the whole family and besides supporting the children, the parents need to be stabilised as well.
与慢性病父母一同成长以及参与照顾父母的孩子，其整体发展面临着受到不利影响的风险。这项文献研究是一个研究项目的一部分，该项目旨在为德国的年轻照顾者及其家庭制定具体支持措施的基础。关于对年轻照顾者的影响以及与慢性病父母一同成长的经历等问题，研究了过去15年的相关文献。孩子们既经历了积极影响，也经历了消极影响，但很难区分照顾责任和与慢性病父母一同成长所产生的影响。积极影响包括良好的自尊心、成熟度、身份认同感、与父母的亲密关系，以及对未来生活有充分准备的感觉。消极影响在孩子的身体、心理社会和教育发展方面显现出来。并非每个年轻照顾者都会经历负面影响，也并非每个慢性病父母的孩子都会必然处于不利地位。然而，研究结果表明有必要采取行动，以防止对孩子未来生活产生负面后果。支持项目需要将整个家庭纳入其中，除了支持孩子外，还需要稳定父母的状况。
