Hélène C
Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U.201-CNRS UA.481, Paris, France.
Eur J Cancer. 1991;27(11):1466-71. doi: 10.1016/0277-5379(91)90033-a.
Synthetic oligonucleotides can be used to control the expression of specific genes. When targeted to messenger RNAs, oligonucleotides inhibit translation (the antisense strategy). Oligonucleotides can also be targeted to specific sequences of the DNA double helix where they inhibit transcription (the antigene strategy). Both strategies can be applied to control the expression of oncogenes in tumour cells. The mRNAs of several oncogenes have been chosen as targets for antisense oligonucleotides (myc, myb, bc12, abl, ras...). Discrimination between the proto-oncogene and the oncogene can be achieved in the case of ras oncogenes where activation results from point mutations in the coding sequence. Regulatory sequences involved in controlling the transcription oncogenes can also be used as targets for antigene oligonucleotides (myc, ras).
合成寡核苷酸可用于控制特定基因的表达。当靶向信使核糖核酸时，寡核苷酸会抑制翻译（反义策略）。寡核苷酸也可靶向DNA双螺旋的特定序列，在那里它们会抑制转录（反基因策略）。这两种策略均可用于控制肿瘤细胞中癌基因的表达。几种癌基因的信使核糖核酸已被选作反义寡核苷酸的靶标（如myc、myb、bc12、abl、ras等）。在ras癌基因的情况下，原癌基因和癌基因之间的区分是可以实现的，因为其激活是由编码序列中的点突变导致的。参与控制癌基因转录的调控序列也可作为反基因寡核苷酸的靶标（如myc、ras）。
