Helms Donna J, Mosure Debra J, Metcalf Carol A, Douglas John M, Malotte C Kevin, Paul Sindy M, Peterman Thomas A
Division of STD Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
Sex Transm Dis. 2008 May;35(5):484-8. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181644b9c.
Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection in the United States and may be associated with adverse birth outcomes and may also increase susceptibility to or transmissibility of human immunodeficiency virus. The purpose of this analysis is to describe the epidemiology of T. vaginalis in Sexually Transmitted Disease clinics and characterize the risk factors associated with prevalent and incident T. vaginalis within the same population.
We analyzed data from visits occurring during February 1999-December 2001 from 3 sexually transmitted disease clinics in Newark, NJ; Long Beach, CA; and Denver, CO. Data were analyzed from 1462 women aged 15 to 39 years who were tested by culture at their initial visit for T. vaginalis, and for 1269 women with at least 1 follow-up visit. Risk factors for prevalent infections at baseline and incident infections among treated or previously uninfected women were assessed.
At baseline, 13.0% of the women had a prevalent infection; risk factors included the following: older age (> or =20 years), black race, having less than 12 years of education, and having a concurrent chlamydial infection. At follow-up, 4.6% of women had an incident infection; risk factors included the following: older age (35-39 years), black race, having a concurrent chlamydial infection, having had multiple sexual partners in the 3 months before incident infection, and having had T. vaginalis at the visit before their incident infection.
T. vaginalis incidence is high in women. Risk factors for prevalent and incident infection are similar. T. vaginalis was associated with older age in women, unlike other sexually transmitted infections.
阴道毛滴虫是美国最常见的非病毒性传播感染，可能与不良分娩结局相关，还可能增加人类免疫缺陷病毒的易感性或传播性。本分析的目的是描述性传播疾病诊所中阴道毛滴虫的流行病学特征，并确定同一人群中与阴道毛滴虫流行和新发感染相关的危险因素。
我们分析了1999年2月至2001年12月期间新泽西州纽瓦克、加利福尼亚州长滩和科罗拉多州丹佛的3家性传播疾病诊所的就诊数据。对1462名年龄在15至39岁之间、初次就诊时接受阴道毛滴虫培养检测的女性，以及1269名至少有1次随访就诊的女性的数据进行了分析。评估了基线时流行感染以及治疗后或既往未感染女性中新发感染的危险因素。
基线时，13.0%的女性有流行感染；危险因素包括：年龄较大（≥20岁）、黑人种族、受教育年限少于12年以及同时感染衣原体。随访时，4.6%的女性有新发感染；危险因素包括：年龄较大（35 - 39岁）、黑人种族、同时感染衣原体、在新发感染前3个月有多个性伴侣以及在新发感染前的就诊时有阴道毛滴虫感染。
女性阴道毛滴虫感染率较高。流行感染和新发感染的危险因素相似。与其他性传播感染不同，阴道毛滴虫感染与女性年龄较大有关。
