Quaglio Gianluca, Ramadani Naser, Pattaro Cristian, Cami Arben, Dentico Pietro, Volpe Anna, Pellizzer Giampiero, Berisha Ali, Smacchia Camillo, Figliomeni Mario, Schinaia Nicola, Rezza Giovanni, Putoto Giovanni
Veneto Region, Italian Co-operation, Peja-Pec Hospital Training Project Team, Venice, Italy.
J Med Virol. 2008 May;80(5):833-40. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21141.
The prevalence of hepatitis infection among the Kosovarian population is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis A, B, C, and D (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV) infection among the general population and in a group of health care workers in the Kosovo region. Overall, 1,287 participants were recruited, 460 males (36%) and 827 females (64%). Health care workers accounted for 253 individuals (20%), 301 were blood donor candidates (23%), 334 were pregnant women (26%), and 399 (31%) were subjects who had been examined in two clinics for routine laboratory testing. The prevalence of total anti-HAV was 88.6% (95% CI: 86.69-90.25). Prevalence of anti-HAV among children up to 10 years was 40.5% (95% CI: 29.6-53.15), reaching 70% (95% CI: 62.25-77.10) in the 11-20 age group. Age, living in rural areas and unemployment were factors associated with higher risk of HAV infection. HBsAg was detected in 2.4% (95% CI: 1.57-3.38%) of the study sample, with a significant age trend (P-value:0.0110). Positivity for total anti-HBc was detected in 18.4% (95% CI = 16.27-20.59) of the subjects. Ninety-three subjects (7.2%) were positive for anti-HBs alone. An association between age, HSV-2 positivity, working nurses and HBV infection has been observed. One patient was HDV positive. The prevalence for HCV was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.22-1.12%). HAV infection seems to be high-intermediate, while HBV shows an intermediate endemicity. It is necessary to highlight the importance of an immunization strategy against HAV and HBV in reducing the incidence of the infection. The prevalence for HCV was very low.
科索沃人群中肝炎感染的流行情况在很大程度上尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估科索沃地区普通人群及一组医护人员中甲型、乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎（HAV、HBV、HCV、HDV）感染的流行情况及危险因素。总体上，招募了1287名参与者，其中男性460名（36%），女性827名（64%）。医护人员有253人（20%），301人为献血候选者（23%），334人为孕妇（26%），399人（31%）是在两家诊所接受常规实验室检查的对象。抗-HAV总阳性率为88.6%（95%置信区间：86.69 - 90.25）。10岁及以下儿童中抗-HAV阳性率为40.5%（95%置信区间：29.6 - 53.15），在11 - 20岁年龄组达到70%（95%置信区间：62.25 - 77.10）。年龄、居住在农村地区和失业是与HAV感染风险较高相关的因素。在研究样本中，2.4%（95%置信区间：1.57 - 3.38%）检测到HBsAg，存在显著的年龄趋势（P值：0.0110）。18.4%（95%置信区间 = 16.27 - 20.59）的受试者抗-HBc总阳性。93名受试者（7.2%）仅抗-HBs阳性。观察到年龄、HSV-2阳性、在职护士与HBV感染之间存在关联。1例患者HDV阳性。HCV流行率为0.5%（95%置信区间：0.22 - 1.12%）。HAV感染似乎处于高中等水平，而HBV呈中等地方性流行。有必要强调针对HAV和HBV的免疫策略在降低感染发生率方面的重要性。HCV流行率非常低。
