Chapman R S, Schwartz S E, Bird E K
Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
J Speech Hear Res. 1991 Oct;34(5):1106-20. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3405.1106.
This study investigates the development of vocabulary and syntax comprehension skills cross-sectionally in 48 children and adolescents with Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), aged 5-20 years, in comparison to 48 control children aged 2-6 years matched statistically for nonverbal mental age and mother's years of education. Age-equivalent scores on vocabulary (PPVT-R) and syntax (TACL-R) comprehension tests differed in the Down syndrome group but not the control group; vocabulary comprehension was relatively more advanced than syntax. Age-equivalent scores on nonverbal cognitive subtests of pattern analysis and short-term memory for bead arrangements (Stanford-Binet, 4th ed.) also differed for the Down syndrome group but not the control group, indicating an unusual pattern of nonverbal cognitive function in the Down syndrome group. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that chronological age and mean mental age, collectively, accounted for 78% of the variability in vocabulary comprehension and 80% of the variability in syntax comprehension in the Down syndrome group, with total passes on a hearing screening accounting for an additional 4% in each case. Implications for research are discussed.
本研究对48名年龄在5至20岁的唐氏综合征（21三体综合征）儿童及青少年的词汇和句法理解能力发展进行了横断面研究，并与48名年龄在2至6岁、非言语心理年龄和母亲受教育年限经统计学匹配的对照儿童进行了比较。唐氏综合征组在词汇（PPVT-R）和句法（TACL-R）理解测试中的年龄等值分数存在差异，而对照组则无差异；词汇理解相对比句法更超前。唐氏综合征组在模式分析和珠子排列短期记忆的非言语认知子测试（斯坦福-比奈智力量表第4版）中的年龄等值分数也存在差异，而对照组无差异，这表明唐氏综合征组存在异常的非言语认知功能模式。逐步多元回归分析表明，在唐氏综合征组中，实足年龄和平均心理年龄共同解释了词汇理解变异的78%以及句法理解变异的80%，听力筛查的总通过次数在每种情况下又额外解释了4%的变异。文中讨论了本研究对相关研究的启示。
