A meta-analysis of change in marital and employment status as predictors of alcohol consumption on a typical occasion.

Meta-analysis is used to combine results of primary data from 12 longitudinal studies to examine the consistency of results with respect to the role of changes on the individual level in marital status and employment status on changes in consumption of alcohol per typical occasion. The analyses control for the effects of Time 1 consumption per occasion and education. Not getting married and becoming unmarried are associated with increased consumption at follow-up and both variables are positively related to increased consumption among older men, but only becoming unmarried was related to increased consumption among older women. Becoming married is homogeneously and negatively associated with consumption at follow-up for younger and older persons of both sexes. Chronic unemployment is negatively related to consumption at follow-up among older males and younger females. Becoming unemployed between measurements is homogeneously and negatively related to consumption among older males and females, but positively related among younger males. Becoming employed is homogeneously and positively related to later consumption among all groups except young females.