Hartka E, Johnstone B, Leino E V, Motoyoshi M, Temple M T, Fillmore K M
American Institutes for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94302.
Br J Addict. 1991 Oct;86(10):1283-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01704.x.
Meta-analysis (eight general population longitudinal studies) describes the relationships (regressions) between quantity per occasion and depressive symptomatology over time. Quantity and depression are the strongest and most consistent predictors of final levels of themselves in all data sets. Age significantly and consistently predicts quantity for both sexes combined (the general pattern is replicated among males only). Depression significantly predicts quantity and quantity significantly predicts depression for females. Controlling for interval between measurements produces stronger prediction (more consistent over shorter intervals) for males. Depression only predicts quantity over longer intervals and quantity only predicts depression over shorter intervals for females. Explicit control for age found stronger relationships between initial and final measurement quantity, and depression for males. Quantity and depression significantly predict quantity and depression among young females. The relationship between quantity and depression among females illustrates the importance of controlling for age and sex. Methodological considerations are discussed.
荟萃分析（八项普通人群纵向研究）描述了每次饮酒量与一段时间内抑郁症状之间的关系（回归分析）。在所有数据集中，饮酒量和抑郁是其最终水平最强且最一致的预测因素。年龄对男女合并数据的饮酒量有显著且一致的预测作用（这种总体模式仅在男性中重复出现）。抑郁对女性的饮酒量有显著预测作用，饮酒量对女性的抑郁也有显著预测作用。对测量间隔进行控制后，男性的预测更强（在更短间隔内更一致）。对于女性而言，抑郁仅在较长间隔内预测饮酒量，饮酒量仅在较短间隔内预测抑郁。对年龄进行明确控制后，男性初始和最终测量的饮酒量与抑郁之间的关系更强。饮酒量和抑郁在年轻女性中显著预测饮酒量和抑郁。女性饮酒量与抑郁之间的关系说明了控制年龄和性别的重要性。本文还讨论了方法学上的考虑因素。
