McKetin Rebecca, Ross Joanne, Kelly Erin, Baker Amanda, Lee Nicole, Lubman Dan I, Mattick Richard
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008 May;27(3):277-85. doi: 10.1080/09595230801919486.
To compare the characteristics and harms associated with injecting and smoking methamphetamine among methamphetamine treatment entrants.
A structured face-to-face interview was used to assess demographics, drug use patterns and harms [physical and mental health, psychological distress, psychotic symptoms, crime and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviour] among 400 methamphetamine treatment entrants in Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. Participants who had injected but not smoked methamphetamine in the month before treatment (n = 195, injectors) were compared to participants who had either: (a) injected and smoked (n = 90, injectors who smoke), or (b) smoked but not injected (n = 73, smokers), during this time.
In comparison with injectors, smokers were primarily non-injecting drug users, who were younger, more likely to be female and use ecstasy rather than heroin. After adjusting for these differences smokers were less dependent on methamphetamine than injectors, but they took the drug as often and had similarly high levels of psychological distress, poor physical and mental health, psychotic symptoms, sexual risk behaviour and criminal involvement. Injectors who smoked had a similar demographic and clinical profile to injectors, including comparable levels of needle sharing, but they used methamphetamine more often and had greater criminal involvement.
Within this treatment sample, smoking methamphetamine occurred among both long-standing injecting drug users and a comparatively younger group of non-injecting drug users. It was associated with less severe methamphetamine dependence than injecting, but more intense use patterns and similar levels of other harms.
比较甲基苯丙胺治疗入组者中注射和吸食甲基苯丙胺的特点及危害。
采用结构化面对面访谈，对澳大利亚悉尼和布里斯班的400名甲基苯丙胺治疗入组者的人口统计学特征、药物使用模式及危害（身心健康、心理困扰、精神病症状、犯罪及人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）风险行为）进行评估。将治疗前一个月内仅注射而未吸食甲基苯丙胺的参与者（n = 195，注射者）与在此期间有以下情况之一的参与者进行比较：（a）既注射又吸食（n = 90，注射兼吸食者），或（b）吸食但未注射（n = 73，吸食者）。
与注射者相比，吸食者主要是非注射类药物使用者，年龄更小，女性比例更高，且使用摇头丸而非海洛因。在对这些差异进行调整后，吸食者对甲基苯丙胺的依赖程度低于注射者，但他们使用该药物的频率相同，且在心理困扰、身心健康不佳、精神病症状、性风险行为及犯罪参与方面的水平相似。注射兼吸食者的人口统计学和临床特征与注射者相似，包括类似的共用针头水平，但他们使用甲基苯丙胺的频率更高，犯罪参与程度也更高。
在这个治疗样本中，吸食甲基苯丙胺的情况既存在于长期注射毒品使用者中，也存在于相对年轻的非注射毒品使用者群体中。与注射相比，吸食与甲基苯丙胺依赖程度较轻相关，但使用模式更为频繁，且其他危害水平相似。
