Iwalewa E O, Omisore N O, Adewunmi C O, Gbolade A A, Ademowo O G, Nneji C, Agboola O I, Daniyan O M
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 May 22;117(3):507-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.019. Epub 2008 Mar 10.
The ethanolic stem bark extract of Harungana madagascariensis (Hypericaceae), (Choisy) Poir were evaluated for their activities on Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta) Stabler isolated from the pigeon (Columba livia). It was also tested for their anti-malarial activity on N67 Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (in vivo) in mice and on Plasmodium falciparum isolates in vitro.
The anti-trichomonal screening was performed in vitro using Trichomonas gallinae culture. The minimum lethal concentration (MLC) is the lowest concentration of the test extract in which no motile organisms were observed. The anti-malarial effects were determined in-vivo for suppressive, curative and prophylactic activities in mice receiving a standard inoculum size of 1 x 10(7) (0.2 ml) infected erythrocytes of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis intraperitoneally, and the in vitro was performed against 3 isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in a candle jar procedures.
The IC(50) of the extract and metronidazole (MDZ) (Flagyl) on Trichomonas gallinae at 48 h are 187 and 1.56 microg/ml. The IC(50) of the extract, chloroquine (CQ) and artemether (ART) on Plasmodium falciparum are between 0.052 and 0.517 microg/ml for the extract and 0.021 and 0.0412 microg/ml for ART and CQ, respectively. The actions of the extract in in vivo study on Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis showed that in both suppressive and prophylactic tests the percentages chemo-suppressive were between 28.6-44.8% and 30.2-78.2% respectively, while only 80 mg/kg of the extract reduced the parasitaemia level when compared to the control and the standard drugs in curative test.
Harungana madagascariensis stem bark extract therefore exhibited significant anti-protozoan effects against Trichomonas and Plasmodium both in vivo and in vitro.
对马达加斯加金丝桃（金丝桃科）（乔伊西）普尔的乙醇茎皮提取物进行评估，检测其对从鸽子（家鸽）分离出的鸡三毛滴虫（里沃尔塔）斯塔布勒的活性。还对其在小鼠体内对约氏疟原虫尼日尔株N67（体内）以及对恶性疟原虫分离株的体外抗疟活性进行了测试。
使用鸡三毛滴虫培养物进行体外抗滴虫筛选。最低致死浓度（MLC）是未观察到活动生物体的测试提取物的最低浓度。通过给小鼠腹腔注射标准接种量1×10⁷（0.2毫升）感染的约氏疟原虫尼日尔株红细胞，测定体内抗疟作用的抑制、治愈和预防活性，体外实验则在烛缸实验中对3株恶性疟原虫分离株进行。
提取物和甲硝唑（MDZ）（灭滴灵）在48小时对鸡三毛滴虫的IC₅₀分别为187和1.56微克/毫升。提取物、氯喹（CQ）和蒿甲醚（ART）对恶性疟原虫的IC₅₀，提取物在0.052至0.517微克/毫升之间，ART和CQ分别在0.021至0.0412微克/毫升之间。提取物在体内对约氏疟原虫尼日尔株的研究中，在抑制和预防试验中化学抑制百分比分别在28.6 - 44.8%和30.2 - 78.2%之间，而在治愈试验中，与对照和标准药物相比，仅80毫克/千克的提取物降低了寄生虫血症水平。
因此，马达加斯加金丝桃茎皮提取物在体内和体外均表现出对滴虫和疟原虫显著的抗原虫作用。
