Schwartz Marlene B, Vartanian Lenny R, Wharton Christopher M, Brownell Kelly D
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8369, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Apr;108(4):702-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.01.003.
There are both public health and food industry initiatives aimed at increasing breakfast consumption among children, particularly the consumption of ready-to-eat cereals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were identifiable differences in nutritional quality between cereals that are primarily marketed to children and cereals that are not marketed to children. Of the 161 cereals identified between January and February 2006, 46% were classified as being marketed to children (eg, packaging contained a licensed character or contained an activity directed at children). Multivariate analyses of variance were used to compare children's cereals and nonchildren's cereals with respect to their nutritional content, focusing on nutrients required to be reported on the Nutrition Facts panel (including energy). Compared to nonchildren's cereals, children's cereals were denser in energy, sugar, and sodium, but were less dense in fiber and protein. The proportion of children's and nonchildren's cereals that did and did not meet national nutritional guidelines for foods served in schools were compared using chi2analysis. The majority of children's cereals (66%) failed to meet national nutrition standards, particularly with respect to sugar content. t tests were used to compare the nutritional quality of children's cereals with nutrient-content claims and health claims to those without such claims. Although the specific claims were generally justified by the nutritional content of the product, there were few differences with respect to the overall nutrition profile. Overall, there were important differences in nutritional quality between children's cereals and nonchildren's cereals. Dietary advice for children to increase consumption of ready-to-eat breakfast cereals should identify and recommend those cereals with the best nutrient profiles.
公共卫生部门和食品行业都在采取举措，旨在增加儿童早餐的摄入量，尤其是即食谷物的消费量。本研究的目的是确定主要面向儿童销售的谷物与非面向儿童销售的谷物在营养质量上是否存在可识别的差异。在2006年1月至2月期间识别出的161种谷物中，46%被归类为面向儿童销售（例如，包装上有特许形象或包含针对儿童的活动）。使用多变量方差分析来比较儿童谷物和非儿童谷物的营养成分，重点关注营养成分表中要求报告的营养素（包括能量）。与非儿童谷物相比，儿童谷物的能量、糖和钠含量更高，但纤维和蛋白质含量更低。使用卡方分析比较了符合和不符合学校供餐国家营养指南的儿童谷物和非儿童谷物的比例。大多数儿童谷物（66%）未达到国家营养标准，尤其是在糖含量方面。使用t检验比较了带有营养成分声明和健康声明的儿童谷物与没有此类声明的儿童谷物的营养质量。尽管具体声明通常由产品的营养成分证明合理，但在整体营养状况方面几乎没有差异。总体而言，儿童谷物和非儿童谷物在营养质量上存在重要差异。针对儿童增加即食早餐谷物消费量的饮食建议应识别并推荐那些营养成分最佳的谷物。
