Paul Yash
Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Paediatrics, Vidhyadhar Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302023, India.
Vaccine. 2008 Apr 16;26(17):2058-61. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.054. Epub 2008 Mar 14.
Polio eradication programme was launched in India in 1995, and polio eradication was expected to occur by 2000. Remarkable decline in polio incidence occurred, but, polio was not eradicated. Majority of polio cases are occurring in two states viz., Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. It is also being observed that majority of polio cases had received many doses of polio vaccine. In 2005 monovalent OPV1 (mOPV1) and monovalent OPV3 (mOPV3) were also introduced in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, but, number of polio cases increased 10-fold in 2006. In 2007 number of vaccination rounds were increased to one round every month, but in 2007 number of polio cases increased further. In 2005 there were 66 polio cases whereas in 2006 and 2007 number of polio cases increased to 676 and 863, respectively. Some genetic factors in children from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar appear to be responsible for poor antibody generation by OPV. Some mutations in polio viruses may be responsible for development of resistance to antibodies generated by OPV and a reason for the recent steep rise in polio incidence since 2006. Because of these two factors, OPV cannot eradicate polio from India.
印度于1995年启动了脊髓灰质炎根除计划，预计到2000年根除脊髓灰质炎。脊髓灰质炎发病率显著下降，但脊髓灰质炎并未被根除。大多数脊髓灰质炎病例发生在北方邦和比哈尔邦这两个邦。还观察到，大多数脊髓灰质炎病例都接种过许多剂脊髓灰质炎疫苗。2005年，单价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗1型（mOPV1）和单价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗3型（mOPV3）也在北方邦和比哈尔邦引入，但2006年脊髓灰质炎病例数增加了10倍。2007年，疫苗接种轮次增加到每月一轮，但2007年脊髓灰质炎病例数进一步增加。2005年有66例脊髓灰质炎病例，而2006年和2007年脊髓灰质炎病例数分别增至676例和863例。北方邦和比哈尔邦儿童的一些基因因素似乎是导致口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗产生抗体能力差 的原因。脊髓灰质炎病毒的一些突变可能是对口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗产生的抗体产生抗性的原因，也是自2006年以来脊髓灰质炎发病率近期急剧上升的一个原因。由于这两个因素，口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗无法在印度根除脊髓灰质炎。
