A reappraisal of person recognition and identification.

In the last years an increasing number of cases (Gainotti et al., 2008, this issue) have been reported in whom difficulty to recognise and identify familiar people occurs in everyday multimodal settings, differently from unimodal face-specific impairments (i.e., prosopagnosia). A reappraisal of current person processing models is presented in order to account for such deficits as well as for the common slips of recognition occurring in healthy subjects. The model we propose is based upon three main modifications of current models, namely: (1) the role of PINs as stores of multimodal perceptual knowledge; (2) the richness of perceptual nuances characterizing PINs of most familiar people; (3) the PINs' addressing of Exemplar Semantics by a provisional Gestalt guessing and an analytical check, to be negotiated whenever a conflict arises. A single case report of Capgras delusion is presented as a crossmodal person processing disorder in everyday settings for whom the proposed model allows a cognitive interpretation.