Courtin F, Jamonneau V, Duvallet G, Garcia A, Coulibaly B, Doumenge J P, Cuny G, Solano P
Centre International de Recherche Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR 177, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Mar;13(3):334-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02007.x.
To review the geography and history of sleeping sickness (Human African trypanosomiasis; HAT) over the past 100 years in West Africa, to identify priority areas for sleeping sickness surveillance and areas where HAT no longer seems active.
History and geography of HAT were summarized based on a review of old reports and recent publications and on recent results obtained from medical surveys conducted in West Africa up to 2006.
RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Active HAT foci seem to have moved from the North to the South. Endemic HAT presently appears to be limited to areas where annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm, although the reasons for this remain unknown. There has also been a shift towards the south of the isohyets and of the northern distribution limit of tsetse. Currently, the most severely affected countries are Guinea and Ivory Coast, whereas the northern countries seem less affected. However, many parts of West Africa still lack information on HAT and remain to be investigated. Of particular interest are the consequences of the recent political crisis in Ivory Coast and the resulting massive population movements, given the possible consequences on HAT in neighbouring countries.
回顾过去100年西非昏睡病（人类非洲锥虫病；HAT）的地理分布和历史，确定昏睡病监测的重点区域以及HAT似乎不再活跃的区域。
基于对旧报告和近期出版物的回顾以及截至2006年在西非进行的医学调查所获得的最新结果，总结HAT的历史和地理分布。
结果/结论：活跃的HAT疫源地似乎已从北部转移至南部。目前，地方性HAT似乎仅限于年降雨量超过1200毫米的地区，尽管其原因尚不清楚。等雨量线和舌蝇分布北界也已向南移动。目前，受影响最严重的国家是几内亚和科特迪瓦，而北部国家似乎受影响较小。然而，西非许多地区仍缺乏关于HAT的信息，有待进一步调查。鉴于科特迪瓦近期政治危机及其引发的大规模人口流动可能对邻国的HAT产生影响，这一点尤其值得关注。
