Spadaro Davide, Ciavorella Annalisa, Lore Alessia, Garibaldi Angelo, Gullino Maria Lodovica
DiVaPRA-Plant Pathology, University of Torino Via L. Da Vinci 44, IT-10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2007;72(2):327-32.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by a number of species of Aspergillus, commonly found in warm and tropical climates. OTA poses risks for the human health because of its nephrotoxic, teratogenic, immunotoxic and neurotoxic activity. The mycotoxin, classified as possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by the IARC, naturally occurs in a wide range of foods, including wine, where the main producer is A. carbonarius. The aim of this work was the validation of a procedure for the analysis of OTA in Piedmontese red and white wines produced after vintage 2003 and 2004, in relationship with the limit of 2.0 microg l(-1) introduced by European Union for wine, must or grape juice (Regulation CE N. 123/2005). An analytical method based on immunoaffinity column (IAC) for clean-up and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD) was used to determine the occurrence of OTA in wines. Detection limit (LOD) and quantification Limit (LOQ) were 7.18 pg/ml and 9.31 pg/ml based on statistical method (IUPAC). Average recoveries of OTA from wine samples spiked at levels from 0.1 to 10 ng/ml ranged from 90.8% to 92.4%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 2.64 and 2.71%. Repeatability limit was 8.73 pg/ml for samples spiked with 0.1 ng/ml of OTA. Ninety-one Denomination of Controlled Origin (DOC) wines were analysed, including 41 Barbera (red), 38 Dolcetto (red), and 16 white wines, such as Erbaluce, Cortese and Roero Arneis. The study focused on wines commercialized in Italian supermarkets and wine shops. The white wines resulted, as expected, less contaminated than the red ones. Wines produced after vintage 2003, a season particularly conducive to the growth of A. carbonorius, contained higher levels of OTA than the wines produced in 2004. The samples, resulting positive, contained a concentration of OTA highly inferior to the threshold limits introduced by the European Union. The sample of the highest level of OTA was a Dolcetto produced in 2004, with 1.10 ng/ml of mycotoxin.
赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）是一种主要由多种曲霉产生的霉菌毒素，常见于温暖和热带气候地区。由于其具有肾毒性、致畸性、免疫毒性和神经毒性活性，OTA对人类健康构成风险。这种霉菌毒素被国际癌症研究机构列为可能的人类致癌物（2B组），天然存在于多种食物中，包括葡萄酒，其中主要产生者是黑曲霉。本研究的目的是验证一种分析2003年和2004年采收后生产的皮埃蒙特红葡萄酒和白葡萄酒中OTA的方法，该方法与欧盟对葡萄酒、葡萄汁或葡萄原酒规定的2.0微克/升的限量（欧盟法规CE N. 123/2005）相关。采用基于免疫亲和柱（IAC）净化和荧光检测液相色谱法（LC-FLD）的分析方法来测定葡萄酒中OTA的含量。根据统计方法（国际纯粹与应用化学联合会），检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为7.18皮克/毫升和9.31皮克/毫升。在添加水平为0.1至10纳克/毫升的葡萄酒样品中，OTA的平均回收率在90.8%至92.4%之间，相对标准偏差（RSD）在2.64%至2.71%之间。添加0.1纳克/毫升OTA的样品的重复性限为8.73皮克/毫升。分析了91种法定产区（DOC）葡萄酒，包括41种巴贝拉红葡萄酒、38种多姿桃红葡萄酒和16种白葡萄酒，如埃巴鲁塞、科泰斯和罗埃罗阿内斯白葡萄酒。该研究聚焦于在意大利超市和葡萄酒商店销售的葡萄酒。正如预期的那样，白葡萄酒的污染程度低于红葡萄酒。2003年采收后生产的葡萄酒，该年份特别有利于黑曲霉生长，其OTA含量高于2004年生产的葡萄酒。检测呈阳性的样品中，OTA浓度远低于欧盟规定的阈值限量。OTA含量最高的样品是2004年生产的一种多姿桃葡萄酒，霉菌毒素含量为1.10纳克/毫升。
