Dupuis B, Rolot J L, Stilmant D, Labbe V, Laguesse L
Farming Systems Section, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre Rue du Serpont 100, BE-6800 Libramont, Belgium.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2007;72(2):353-9.
The main objective of this project, VETAB project, is to determine alternatives to massive copper utilization to control potato late blight (Phytophtora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) in organic systems. To reach such a target, we first performed a screening of candidate products and additives based on their efficiency in the laboratory, under controlled conditions. We evaluated a wide range of products: formulations with a low level of copper, antagonists suspensions, aminoacid extracts, plants extracts, potassium salts, sulphur formulation, organically stabilised peroxide and rhamnolipids. The product's suspensions were applied by vaporization on potato plants. Two different protocols of application were elaborated. To test the fungicide protection action, the product was applied four days before inoculation of the pathogen. To evaluate the defence stimulating effect, the product was applied several times during the plant growth before inoculation of the pathogen. The last vaporization was performed 4 days before inoculation. We also evaluated the resistance of the product to washing risk. Pathogen suspension was applied as droplets of 5 x 10(4) spo/ml on detached leaves. The leaves were then incubated (18 degrees C, RH > 90%, 6 days) in order to record symptoms development. The best results were obtained with formulations integrating reduced doses of copper and with potassium salts. In conclusion, a wide range of products and additives are proposed on the market but very few of those have a real efficiency. The performance of the most efficient products has to be confirmed in field trials.
本项目即VETAB项目的主要目标是确定在有机系统中控制马铃薯晚疫病（致病疫霉（蒙氏）德巴里）时大量使用铜的替代方法。为实现这一目标，我们首先在实验室可控条件下，根据候选产品和添加剂的效率进行了筛选。我们评估了多种产品：低铜含量配方、拮抗剂悬浮液、氨基酸提取物、植物提取物、钾盐、硫磺配方、有机稳定过氧化物和鼠李糖脂。产品悬浮液通过汽化作用施用于马铃薯植株上。制定了两种不同的施用方案。为测试杀菌剂的保护作用，在接种病原体前四天施用产品。为评估防御刺激效果，在接种病原体前的植株生长期间多次施用产品。最后一次汽化在接种前四天进行。我们还评估了产品对被雨水冲刷风险的抗性。将病原体悬浮液以5×10⁴个孢子/毫升的液滴形式施用于离体叶片上。然后将叶片在（18摄氏度，相对湿度>90%，6天）条件下培养，以记录症状发展情况。含降低铜剂量的配方和钾盐取得了最佳效果。总之，市场上有多种产品和添加剂可供选择，但其中真正有效的却很少。最有效产品的性能必须在田间试验中得到证实。
