Nezlek John B, Kuppens Peter
College of William and Mary, Department of Psychology, PO Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA, 23187-8795, USA.
J Pers. 2008 Jun;76(3):561-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00496.x. Epub 2008 Apr 8.
The present study examined how people regulate their emotions in daily life and how such regulation is related to their daily affective experience and psychological adjustment. Each day for an average of 3 weeks, participants described how they had regulated their emotions in terms of the reappraisal and suppression (inhibiting the expression) of positive and negative emotions, and they described their emotional experience, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment in terms of Beck's triadic model of depression. Reappraisal was used more often than suppression, and suppressing positive emotions was used less than the other three strategies. In general, regulation through reappraisal was found to be beneficial, whereas regulation by suppression was not. Reappraisal of positive emotions was associated with increases in positive affect, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment, whereas suppressing positive emotions was associated with decreased positive emotion, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment, and increased negative emotions. Moreover, relationships between reappraisal and psychological adjustment and self-esteem were mediated by experienced positive affect, whereas relationships between suppression of positive emotions and self-esteem adjustment were mediated by negative affect.
本研究考察了人们在日常生活中如何调节情绪，以及这种调节方式与他们日常情感体验和心理调适之间的关系。在平均为期3周的时间里，参与者每天描述他们在重新评价和抑制（抑制表达）积极和消极情绪方面是如何调节情绪的，并且他们根据贝克抑郁三联症模型描述了自己的情绪体验、自尊和心理调适情况。重新评价的使用频率高于抑制，且抑制积极情绪的使用频率低于其他三种策略。总体而言，通过重新评价进行调节被发现是有益的，而通过抑制进行调节则不然。对积极情绪的重新评价与积极情感、自尊和心理调适的增加相关，而抑制积极情绪则与积极情绪、自尊和心理调适的降低以及消极情绪的增加相关。此外，重新评价与心理调适和自尊之间的关系是由体验到的积极情感介导的，而抑制积极情绪与自尊调适之间的关系是由消极情感介导的。
