Lucey Alice J, Paschos George K, Cashman Kevin D, Martínéz J Alfredo, Thorsdottir Inga, Kiely Máireád
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):1045-52. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1045.
Overweight and obesity are increasing in young adults. However, moderate energy restriction aimed at lowering body weight may promote bone turnover and bone loss. Inclusion of fish or fish oils in a weight-loss diet may attenuate these adverse skeletal effects.
We examined the effects of incorporating fish or fish oil into an energy-restricted diet on bone turnover markers in young overweight adults.
While following a strict hypoenergetic (-30% relative to estimated requirements) diet for 8 wk, 276 overweight men and women [body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 27.5-32.5; age: 20-40 y) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary groups: sunflower-oil capsules (3 g/d; control), cod (3 x 150 g/wk), salmon (3 x 150 g/wk), and fish-oil capsules (3 g/d). Body weight, bone biomarkers, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured at baseline and endpoint. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance and general linear models.
The mean (+/-SD) weight loss was 5.14 +/- 3.0 kg (5.8% +/- 3.2% body weight) during the 8 wk in the 4 dietary groups combined. Urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen increased (P < 0.05), whereas serum osteocalcin (but not bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) decreased (P < 0.05) from baseline to endpoint. Increased fish or fish-oil consumption had no effect (P > 0.1) on the changes in bone markers induced by weight loss. In contrast, increased salmon consumption increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P < 0.01).
A nutritionally adequate but energy-restricted diet, with different contents of n-3 fatty acids, which resulted in modest weight loss, unfavorably altered bone turnover markers in young overweight adults. Such changes were not prevented by increased fish or fish-oil consumption.
超重和肥胖在年轻人中呈上升趋势。然而，旨在降低体重的适度能量限制可能会促进骨转换和骨质流失。在减肥饮食中加入鱼类或鱼油可能会减轻这些对骨骼的不良影响。
我们研究了在能量限制饮食中加入鱼类或鱼油对年轻超重成年人骨转换标志物的影响。
276名超重男性和女性[体重指数（kg/m²）：27.5 - 32.5；年龄：20 - 40岁]在严格遵循低能量（相对于估计需求量减少30%）饮食8周的过程中，被随机分配到4个饮食组中的一组：葵花籽油胶囊（3克/天；对照组）、鳕鱼（3×150克/周）、三文鱼（3×150克/周）和鱼油胶囊（3克/天）。在基线和终点时测量体重、骨生物标志物和25 - 羟基维生素D。数据采用重复测量方差分析和一般线性模型进行分析。
4个饮食组在8周内平均（±标准差）体重减轻5.14±3.0千克（体重减轻5.8%±3.2%）。从基线到终点，尿I型胶原N - 末端肽和血清I型胶原C - 末端肽增加（P < 0.05），而血清骨钙素（但不是骨特异性碱性磷酸酶）降低（P < 0.05）。增加鱼类或鱼油的摄入量对体重减轻引起的骨标志物变化没有影响（P > 0.1）。相反，增加三文鱼的摄入量可提高血清25 - 羟基维生素D水平（P < 0.01）。
一种营养充足但能量受限、n - 3脂肪酸含量不同的饮食，导致适度体重减轻，对年轻超重成年人的骨转换标志物产生了不利影响。增加鱼类或鱼油的摄入量并不能预防这种变化。
