Scherf Ullrich, Gutacker Andrea, Koenen Nils
Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany.
Acc Chem Res. 2008 Sep;41(9):1086-97. doi: 10.1021/ar7002539. Epub 2008 Apr 11.
All-conjugated block copolymers of the rod-rod type came into the focus of interest because of their unique and attractive combination of nanostructure formation and electronic activity. Potential applications in a next generation of organic polymer materials for photovoltaic devices ("bulk heterojunction"-type solar cells) or (bio)sensors have been proposed. Combining the fascinating self-assembly properties of block copolymers with the active electronic and/or optical function of conjugated polymers in all-conjugated block copolymers is, therefore, a very challenging goal of synthetic polymer chemistry. First examples of such all-conjugated block copolymers from a couple of research groups all over the world demonstrate possible synthetic approaches and the rich application potential in electronic devices. A crucial point in such a development of novel polymer materials is a rational control over their nanostructure formation. All-conjugated di- or triblock copolymers may allow for an organization of the copolymer materials into large-area ordered arrays with a length scale of nanostructure formation of the order of the exciton diffusion length of organic semiconductors (typically ca. 10 nm). Especially for amphiphilic, all-conjugated copolymers the formation of well-defined supramolecular structures (vesicles) has been observed. However, intense further research is necessary toward tailor-made, all-conjugated block copolymers for specific applications. The search for optimized block copolymer materials should consider the electronic as well as the morphological (self-assembly) properties.
棒-棒型全共轭嵌段共聚物因其在纳米结构形成和电子活性方面独特且吸引人的组合而成为研究热点。有人提出了其在下一代用于光伏器件（“本体异质结”型太阳能电池）或（生物）传感器的有机聚合物材料中的潜在应用。因此，将嵌段共聚物引人入胜的自组装特性与全共轭嵌段共聚物中共轭聚合物的活性电子和/或光学功能相结合，是合成聚合物化学中一个极具挑战性的目标。来自世界各地几个研究小组的此类全共轭嵌段共聚物的首批实例展示了可能的合成方法以及在电子器件中的丰富应用潜力。在新型聚合物材料的这种发展过程中，一个关键点是对其纳米结构形成进行合理控制。全共轭二嵌段或三嵌段共聚物可能使共聚物材料组织成大面积有序阵列，其纳米结构形成的长度尺度与有机半导体的激子扩散长度相当（通常约为10纳米）。特别是对于两亲性全共轭共聚物，已观察到形成了明确的超分子结构（囊泡）。然而，对于针对特定应用的定制全共轭嵌段共聚物，还需要进行深入的进一步研究。寻找优化的嵌段共聚物材料应考虑电子以及形态学（自组装）特性。
