DeFrancesco Teresa C
Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2008 May;38(3):727-45, xiv. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.02.005.
Advanced heart failure and its treatment are often associated with a variety of hemodynamic, fluid, and electrolyte derangements. This article gives the practitioner an overview of the pathophysiology of common fluid and electrolyte alterations present in animals with heart failure, highlighting specific clinical correlates. Additionally, specific therapeutic interventions are discussed to manage these fluid and electrolyte abnormalities.
晚期心力衰竭及其治疗常常与多种血流动力学、液体和电解质紊乱相关。本文为从业者概述了心力衰竭动物常见的液体和电解质改变的病理生理学，重点介绍了特定的临床关联。此外，还讨论了管理这些液体和电解质异常的具体治疗干预措施。
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