Kman Nicholas E, Nelson Richard N
Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 146 Means Hall, 1654 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43210-1228, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008 May;26(2):517-47, x-xi. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2008.01.006.
The terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001 and the anthrax release soon after brought the issue of bioterrorism to the forefront in the medical community. Bioterrorism is the use of a biologic weapon to create terror and panic. Biologic weapons, or bioweapons, can be bacteria, fungi, viruses, or biologic toxins. Because the emergency department represents the front line of defense for the recognition of agents of bioterrorism, it is essential that emergency physicians have the ability to quickly diagnose victims of bioterrorism. This review examines the most deadly and virulent category A agents of bioterrorism, that is, anthrax, smallpox, plague, botulism, hemorrhagic fever viruses, and tularemia. The focus is on epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
2001年发生在美国的恐怖袭击以及随后的炭疽杆菌泄露事件，使生物恐怖主义问题在医学界成为焦点。生物恐怖主义是指使用生物武器制造恐怖和恐慌。生物武器，或称为生化武器，可以是细菌、真菌、病毒或生物毒素。由于急诊科是识别生物恐怖主义病原体的第一道防线，因此急诊医生必须具备快速诊断生物恐怖主义受害者的能力。本文综述了生物恐怖主义中最致命和毒性最强的A类病原体，即炭疽、天花、鼠疫、肉毒中毒、出血热病毒和兔热病。重点关注其流行病学、传播途径、临床表现、诊断和治疗。
