Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Jan;9(1):139-57. doi: 10.1007/s13311-011-0097-2.
Bioterrorism is defined as the intentional use of biological, chemical, nuclear, or radiological agents to cause disease, death, or environmental damage. Early recognition of a bioterrorist attack is of utmost importance to minimize casualties and initiate appropriate therapy. The range of agents that could potentially be used as weapons is wide, however, only a few of these agents have all the characteristics making them ideal for that purpose. Many of the chemical and biological weapons can cause neurological symptoms and damage the nervous system in varying degrees. Therefore, preparedness among neurologists is important. The main challenge is to be cognizant of the clinical syndromes and to be able to differentiate diseases caused by bioterrorism from naturally occurring disorders. This review provides an overview of the biological and chemical warfare agents, with a focus on neurological manifestation and an approach to treatment from a perspective of neurological critical care.
生物恐怖主义被定义为故意使用生物、化学、核或放射性制剂来导致疾病、死亡或环境破坏。尽早识别生物恐怖袭击对于最大限度地减少人员伤亡并启动适当的治疗至关重要。然而，可被用作武器的制剂种类繁多，只有少数几种制剂具有使其成为理想武器的所有特征。许多化学和生物武器会引起神经系统症状，并在不同程度上损害神经系统。因此，神经科医生的准备工作很重要。主要的挑战是认识到临床综合征，并能够将生物恐怖主义引起的疾病与自然发生的疾病区分开来。本文综述了生物和化学战剂，重点介绍了神经表现，并从神经危重症的角度介绍了治疗方法。
