Bamford Susan, Ward Robert
Wolfson Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Bangor University, UK.
Emotion. 2008 Apr;8(2):174-83. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.2.174.
The authors show that predispositions to approach and avoid do not consist simply of specific motor patterns but are more abstract functions that produce a desired environmental effect. It has been claimed that evaluating a visual stimulus as positive or negative evokes a specific motor response, extending the arm to negative stimuli, and contracting to positive stimuli. The authors showed that a large congruency effect (participants were faster to approach pleasant and avoid unpleasant stimuli, than to approach unpleasant and avoid pleasant stimuli) could be produced on a novel touchscreen paradigm (Experiment 1), and that the congruency effect could be reversed by spatial (Experiment 2) and nonspatial (Experiment 3) response effects. Thus, involuntary approach and avoid response activations are not fixed, but sensitive to context, and are specifically based on the desired goal.
作者表明，趋近和回避的倾向并非仅仅由特定的运动模式构成，而是更抽象的功能，这些功能会产生预期的环境效应。有人声称，将视觉刺激评估为积极或消极会引发特定的运动反应，即向消极刺激伸展手臂，向积极刺激收缩。作者表明，在一种新型触摸屏范式中（实验1）可以产生很大的一致性效应（参与者对趋近愉快刺激和回避不愉快刺激的反应比对趋近不愉快刺激和回避愉快刺激的反应更快），并且这种一致性效应可以通过空间（实验2）和非空间（实验3）反应效应而逆转。因此，非自愿的趋近和回避反应激活并非固定不变，而是对情境敏感，并且具体基于预期目标。
