Brown I H, Pittman M, Irza V, Laddomada A
Community Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
Dev Biol (Basel). 2007;130:33-8.
An unprecedented global epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 has and continues to present enormous challenges to the international community for control in the animal reservoir. Enhanced biosecurity, good surveillance, both passive and active, supplemented by strong veterinary services, can reduce the risk for incursion and subsequent spread in free countries. Surveillance of mortality and laboratory testing among wild birds are useful early indicators of incursion of the virus into areas in which domestic poultry are not infected. Conventional control methods used widely in Europe and the Middle Eastern region involve stamping-out, zoning, quarantine, movement restrictions, enhanced surveillance and disinfection. Use of preventive vaccination is increasing in the region. In the Russian Federation, all backyard poultry considered to be at high risk for infection have been vaccinated since 2006. Several countries in the Middle East permit the use of vaccine, although rarely as part of a formal statutory programme. In the European Union, conventional approaches for control have proved effective, but both emergency and preventive vaccination could be used. Application of such programmes would have to be preceded by an evaluation of the risks for introduction and spread and might be restricted.
高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1在全球范围内爆发了前所未有的疫情，并且仍在继续，这给国际社会控制动物宿主中的疫情带来了巨大挑战。加强生物安全措施、进行有效的被动和主动监测，并辅以强大的兽医服务，可以降低病毒侵入无疫情国家并随后传播的风险。对野生鸟类的死亡率监测和实验室检测是病毒侵入未感染家禽地区的有用早期指标。欧洲和中东地区广泛使用的传统控制方法包括扑杀、分区、检疫、行动限制、加强监测和消毒。该地区预防性疫苗接种的使用正在增加。自2006年以来，俄罗斯联邦对所有被认为感染风险高的后院家禽都进行了疫苗接种。中东的几个国家允许使用疫苗，尽管很少作为正式法定计划的一部分。在欧盟，传统的控制方法已被证明是有效的，但也可以使用紧急和预防性疫苗接种。实施此类计划之前必须对引入和传播的风险进行评估，并且可能会受到限制。
