Trosko James E
Center for Integrative Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics/Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Stem Cell Rev. 2008 Summer;4(2):81-8. doi: 10.1007/s12015-008-9017-1. Epub 2008 Apr 19.
The recent observations that embryonic stemness-associated genes could assist in the "de-differentiation" of adult skin fibroblast cells to "embryonic-like stem cells", using the "somatic cell nuclear transfer" techniques, have been interpreted as indicating a "re-programming" of genes. These reports have demonstrated a "proof of principle" approach to by-pass many, but not all, of the ethical, scientific and medical limitations of the "therapeutic cloning" of embryonic stem cells from embryos. However, while the interpretation that real "re-programming" of all those somatic fibroblastic differentiation genes might be correct, there does exists an alternative hypothesis of these exciting results. Based on the fact that multipotent adult stem cells exist in most, if not all, adult organs, the possibility exists that all these recent "re-programming" results, using the somatic nuclear transfer techniques, actually were the results of transferred rare nuclear material from the adult stem cells residing in the skin of the mouse, monkey and human samples. An examination of the rationale for this challenging hypothesis has been drawn from the hypothesis of the "stem cell theory of cancer", as well as from the field of human adult stem cells research.
最近的观察结果表明，利用“体细胞核移植”技术，与胚胎干性相关的基因能够帮助成年皮肤成纤维细胞“去分化”为“胚胎样干细胞”，这被解释为基因的“重新编程”。这些报告展示了一种“原理验证”方法，以绕过从胚胎中“治疗性克隆”胚胎干细胞的许多（但不是全部）伦理、科学和医学限制。然而，尽管认为所有这些体细胞成纤维细胞分化基因真正发生“重新编程”的解释可能是正确的，但对于这些令人兴奋的结果确实存在另一种假说。基于多能成体干细胞存在于大多数（如果不是全部）成年器官这一事实，有可能所有这些最近使用体细胞核移植技术的“重新编程”结果，实际上是来自存在于小鼠、猴子和人类样本皮肤中的成体干细胞转移的稀有核物质的结果。对这一具有挑战性的假说的原理探讨借鉴了“癌症干细胞理论”假说以及人类成体干细胞研究领域的内容。
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