Kodl Christopher T, Seaquist Elizabeth R
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Endocr Rev. 2008 Jun;29(4):494-511. doi: 10.1210/er.2007-0034. Epub 2008 Apr 24.
The deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus on the retinal, renal, cardiovascular, and peripheral nervous systems are widely acknowledged. Less attention has been given to the effect of diabetes on cognitive function. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function. The exact pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes is not completely understood, but it is likely that hyperglycemia, vascular disease, hypoglycemia, and insulin resistance play significant roles. Modalities to study the effect of diabetes on the brain have evolved over the years, including neurocognitive testing, evoked response potentials, and magnetic resonance imaging. Although much insightful research has examined cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes, more needs to be understood about the mechanisms and natural history of this complication in order to develop strategies for prevention and treatment.
糖尿病对视网膜、肾脏、心血管和周围神经系统的有害影响已得到广泛认可。糖尿病对认知功能的影响则较少受到关注。1型和2型糖尿病均与认知功能多个领域的表现下降有关。糖尿病认知功能障碍的确切病理生理学尚未完全明了，但高血糖、血管疾病、低血糖和胰岛素抵抗可能起着重要作用。多年来，研究糖尿病对大脑影响的方式不断发展，包括神经认知测试、诱发电位和磁共振成像。尽管已有许多有见地的研究探讨了糖尿病患者的认知功能障碍，但为了制定预防和治疗策略，仍需要更多地了解这种并发症的机制和自然病程。
