Leitch A R, Leitch I J
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):481-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1153585.
Polyploidy, a change whereby the entire chromosome set is multiplied, arises through mitotic or meiotic misdivisions and frequently involves unreduced gametes and interspecific hybridization. The success of newly formed angiosperm polyploids is partly attributable to their highly plastic genome structure, as manifested by tolerance to changing chromosome numbers (aneuploidy and polyploidy), genome size, (retro)transposable element mobility, insertions, deletions, and epigenome restructuring. The ability to withstand large-scale changes, frequently within one or a few generations, is associated with a restructuring of the transcriptome, metabolome, and proteome and can result in an altered phenotype and ecology. Thus, polyploid-induced changes can generate individuals that are able to exploit new niches or to outcompete progenitor species. This process has been a major driving force behind the divergence of the angiosperms and their biodiversity.
多倍体是指整个染色体组倍增的一种变化，它通过有丝分裂或减数分裂错误分裂产生，并且常常涉及未减数配子和种间杂交。新形成的被子植物多倍体的成功部分归因于其高度可塑性的基因组结构，这表现为对不断变化的染色体数目（非整倍体和多倍体）、基因组大小、（反转录）转座元件移动性、插入、缺失以及表观基因组重组的耐受性。在通常一代或几代内承受大规模变化的能力与转录组、代谢组和蛋白质组的重组相关，并且可能导致表型和生态的改变。因此，多倍体诱导的变化能够产生能够开拓新生态位或胜过祖先物种的个体。这一过程一直是被子植物分化及其生物多样性背后的主要驱动力。
