Carver Alison, Timperio Anna F, Crawford David A
Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
J Urban Health. 2008 Jul;85(4):532-44. doi: 10.1007/s11524-008-9284-9. Epub 2008 Apr 25.
We examined associations between objective measures of the local road environment and physical activity (including active transport) among youth. There is little empirical evidence of the impact of the road environment on physical activity among children/adolescents in their neighborhoods. Most recent studies have examined perceptions rather than objective measures of the road environment. This was a cross-sectional study of children aged 8-9 years (n = 188) and adolescents aged 13-15 years (n = 346) who were participants in the 3-year follow-up of the Children Living in Active Neighborhoods (CLAN) longitudinal study in Melbourne, Australia. At baseline (2001), they were recruited from 19 state primary schools in areas of varying socioeconomic status across Melbourne. Habitual walking/cycling to local destinations was parent-reported for children and self-reported for adolescents, while moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) outside school hours was recorded using accelerometers. Road environment features in each participant's neighborhood (area of radius 800 m around the home) were measured objectively using a geographical information system. Regression analyses found no associations between road environment variables and children's likelihood of making at least seven walking/cycling trips per week to neighborhood destinations. Adolescent girls residing in neighborhoods with two to three traffic/pedestrian lights were more likely to make seven or more walking/cycling trips per week as those whose neighborhoods had fewer traffic lights (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-6.2). For adolescent boys, residing on a cul-de-sac, compared with a through road, was associated with increases in MVPA of 9 min after school, 5 min in the evenings, and 22 min on weekend days. Speed humps were positively associated with adolescent boys' MVPA during evenings. The road environment influences physical activity among youth in different ways, according to age group, sex and type of physical activity.
我们研究了当地道路环境的客观指标与青少年身体活动（包括主动出行）之间的关联。关于道路环境对儿童/青少年在其社区内身体活动的影响，实证证据很少。最近的研究大多考察的是对道路环境的认知，而非客观指标。这是一项横断面研究，研究对象为参与澳大利亚墨尔本“生活在活跃社区的儿童”（CLAN）纵向研究3年随访的8 - 9岁儿童（n = 188）和13 - 15岁青少年（n = 346）。在基线期（2001年），他们从墨尔本不同社会经济地位地区的19所公立小学招募而来。儿童的习惯性步行/骑自行车前往当地目的地情况由家长报告，青少年则为自我报告，而校外中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）使用加速度计记录。使用地理信息系统客观测量了每个参与者社区（家周围半径800米的区域）的道路环境特征。回归分析发现，道路环境变量与儿童每周至少步行/骑自行车前往社区目的地七次的可能性之间没有关联。居住在有两到三个交通/行人信号灯社区的青少年女孩，比居住在交通信号灯较少社区的女孩更有可能每周进行七次或更多次步行/骑自行车出行（比值比：2.7；95%置信区间：1.2 - 6.2）。对于青少年男孩，居住在死胡同与居住在直通道路相比，与放学后MVPA增加9分钟、晚上增加5分钟以及周末增加22分钟有关。减速带与青少年男孩晚上的MVPA呈正相关。道路环境根据年龄组、性别和身体活动类型，以不同方式影响青少年的身体活动。
