Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Jun;70(11):1799-805. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.010. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
The study examined parental restriction of children's active transport and physical activity outside school hours due to safety concerns, and how this restriction was associated with perceived risk and with youth physical activity levels. We used a cross-sectional design with data from children aged 10-11 years (n=170) and adolescents aged 15-17 years (n=270) who participated in the five-year follow-up of the Children Living in Active Neighbourhoods longitudinal study in Melbourne, Australia. Walking/cycling to local destinations was survey-reported. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was recorded during non-school hours using accelerometers. Using surveys, parents reported perceived risk of their children being harmed in their neighbourhood, and restrictions they placed on their children's physical activity. Linear regression analyses examined how perceived risk, constrained behaviour, and physical activity were related. We found that perceived risk did not vary by age-group and was positively associated with constrained behaviour among adolescents but not children. Children were subject to higher levels of constrained behaviour than adolescents. Constrained behaviour was negatively associated with active transport among younger boys and among girls in both age-groups. Furthermore, it was negatively associated with younger boys' MVPA on weekends and with adolescent girls' MVPA during evenings. There were no associations between constrained behaviour and active transport or MVPA among adolescent boys. The findings demonstrate that constrained behaviour exhibited by parents may result in lower levels of active transport and of MVPA outside school hours. In particular, this was true for children and adolescent girls. Social interventions to improve perceived safety and physical interventions involving redesign of the built environment to improve actual safety may help to ease parental restriction of their children's active transport and physical activity in their neighbourhood.
本研究考察了因安全问题而限制儿童在课外进行积极交通和体育活动的情况，以及这种限制与感知风险以及青少年体育活动水平之间的关联。我们使用了横断面设计，数据来自澳大利亚墨尔本的“生活在活跃社区的儿童”纵向研究的 10-11 岁儿童（n=170）和 15-17 岁青少年（n=270）的五年随访数据。步行/骑自行车前往当地目的地的情况通过调查进行报告。在非上学时间，使用加速度计记录中等到剧烈的体力活动（MVPA）。通过调查，父母报告了他们的孩子在邻里中受伤的感知风险，以及他们对孩子体育活动的限制。线性回归分析考察了感知风险、约束行为和体育活动之间的关系。我们发现，感知风险在年龄组之间没有差异，并且与青少年的约束行为呈正相关，但与儿童无关。儿童的约束行为比青少年更严重。约束行为与较年轻男孩的积极交通以及两个年龄组中女孩的积极交通呈负相关。此外，它与年轻男孩周末的 MVPA 和青少年女孩晚上的 MVPA 呈负相关。在青少年男孩中，约束行为与积极交通或 MVPA 之间没有关联。研究结果表明，父母表现出的约束行为可能导致课外积极交通和 MVPA 水平降低。特别是对于儿童和青少年女孩来说更是如此。改善感知安全的社会干预措施和涉及重新设计建筑环境以提高实际安全性的身体干预措施，可能有助于减轻父母对孩子在邻里间的积极交通和体育活动的限制。
