Rouhier Nicolas, Lemaire Stéphane D, Jacquot Jean-Pierre
Unité Mixte de Recherches, 1136 INRA-UHP Interaction Arbres-Microorganismes, IFR 110 GEEF, Nancy University, Faculté des Sciences, 54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2008;59:143-66. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092811.
Glutathione, a tripeptide with the sequence gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly, exists either in a reduced form with a free thiol group or in an oxidized form with a disulfide between two identical molecules. We describe here briefly the pathways involved in the synthesis, reduction, polymerization, and degradation of glutathione, as well as its distribution throughout the plant and its redox buffering capacities. The function of glutathione in xenobiotic and heavy metal detoxification, plant development, and plant-pathogen interactions is also briefly discussed. Several lines of evidence indicate that glutathione and glutaredoxins (GRXs) are implicated in the response to oxidative stress through the regeneration of enzymes involved in peroxide and methionine sulfoxide reduction. Finally, emerging functions for plant GRXs and glutathione concern the regulation of protein activity via glutathionylation and the capacity of some GRXs to bind iron sulfur centers and for some of them to transfer FeS clusters into apoproteins.
谷胱甘肽是一种序列为γ-Glu-Cys-Gly的三肽，它以具有游离巯基的还原形式或两个相同分子之间形成二硫键的氧化形式存在。我们在此简要描述谷胱甘肽的合成、还原、聚合和降解途径，以及它在植物中的分布及其氧化还原缓冲能力。还简要讨论了谷胱甘肽在异源物质和重金属解毒、植物发育以及植物与病原体相互作用中的功能。几条证据表明，谷胱甘肽和谷氧还蛋白（GRXs）通过参与过氧化物和甲硫氨酸亚砜还原的酶的再生而参与氧化应激反应。最后，植物GRXs和谷胱甘肽的新功能涉及通过谷胱甘肽化调节蛋白质活性，以及一些GRXs结合铁硫中心的能力，其中一些GRXs还能将FeS簇转移到脱辅基蛋白中。
