Martinez Diego, Berka Randy M, Henrissat Bernard, Saloheimo Markku, Arvas Mikko, Baker Scott E, Chapman Jarod, Chertkov Olga, Coutinho Pedro M, Cullen Dan, Danchin Etienne G J, Grigoriev Igor V, Harris Paul, Jackson Melissa, Kubicek Christian P, Han Cliff S, Ho Isaac, Larrondo Luis F, de Leon Alfredo Lopez, Magnuson Jon K, Merino Sandy, Misra Monica, Nelson Beth, Putnam Nicholas, Robbertse Barbara, Salamov Asaf A, Schmoll Monika, Terry Astrid, Thayer Nina, Westerholm-Parvinen Ann, Schoch Conrad L, Yao Jian, Barabote Ravi, Nelson Mary Anne, Detter Chris, Bruce David, Kuske Cheryl R, Xie Gary, Richardson Paul, Rokhsar Daniel S, Lucas Susan M, Rubin Edward M, Dunn-Coleman Nigel, Ward Michael, Brettin Thomas S
Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Nat Biotechnol. 2008 May;26(5):553-60. doi: 10.1038/nbt1403. Epub 2008 May 4.
Trichoderma reesei is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases used to depolymerize biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. We assembled 89 scaffolds (sets of ordered and oriented contigs) to generate 34 Mbp of nearly contiguous T. reesei genome sequence comprising 9,129 predicted gene models. Unexpectedly, considering the industrial utility and effectiveness of the carbohydrate-active enzymes of T. reesei, its genome encodes fewer cellulases and hemicellulases than any other sequenced fungus able to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many T. reesei genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes are distributed nonrandomly in clusters that lie between regions of synteny with other Sordariomycetes. Numerous genes encoding biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites may promote survival of T. reesei in its competitive soil habitat, but genome analysis provided little mechanistic insight into its extraordinary capacity for protein secretion. Our analysis, coupled with the genome sequence data, provides a roadmap for constructing enhanced T. reesei strains for industrial applications such as biofuel production.
里氏木霉是纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的主要工业来源，这些酶用于将生物质解聚为单糖，进而转化为化学中间体和生物燃料，如乙醇。我们组装了89个支架（有序且定向的重叠群集合），以生成34兆碱基对的近乎连续的里氏木霉基因组序列，其中包含9129个预测基因模型。考虑到里氏木霉碳水化合物活性酶的工业实用性和有效性，出人意料的是，与任何其他能够水解植物细胞壁多糖的已测序真菌相比，其基因组编码的纤维素酶和半纤维素酶更少。许多编码里氏木霉碳水化合物活性酶的基因非随机地分布在与其他粪壳菌纲真菌存在共线性的区域之间的簇中。众多编码次生代谢物生物合成途径的基因可能有助于里氏木霉在竞争激烈的土壤生境中生存，但基因组分析几乎没有为其非凡的蛋白质分泌能力提供机制上的见解。我们的分析与基因组序列数据相结合，为构建用于生物燃料生产等工业应用的强化里氏木霉菌株提供了路线图。
