Martel-Pelletier Johanne, Boileau Christelle, Pelletier Jean-Pierre, Roughley Peter J
Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008 Apr;22(2):351-84. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2008.02.001.
The preservation of articular cartilage depends on keeping the cartilage architecture intact. Cartilage strength and function depend on both the properties of the tissue and on their structural parameters. The main structural macromolecules are collagen and proteoglycans (aggrecan). During life, cartilage matrix turnover is mediated by a multitude of complex autocrine and paracrine anabolic and catabolic factors. These act on the chondrocytes and can lead to repair, remodeling or catabolic processes like those that occur in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is characterized by degradation and loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, and, at the clinical stage of the disease, inflammation of the synovial membrane. The alterations in osteoarthritic cartilage are numerous and involve morphologic and metabolic changes in chondrocytes, as well as biochemical and structural alterations in the extracellular matrix macromolecules.
关节软骨的保存取决于保持软骨结构的完整。软骨的强度和功能既取决于组织的特性，也取决于其结构参数。主要的结构大分子是胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖（聚集蛋白聚糖）。在生命过程中，软骨基质的更新由多种复杂的自分泌和旁分泌合成代谢及分解代谢因子介导。这些因子作用于软骨细胞，可导致修复、重塑或分解代谢过程，如骨关节炎中发生的那些过程。骨关节炎的特征是关节软骨的降解和丧失、软骨下骨重塑，以及在疾病的临床阶段滑膜炎症。骨关节炎软骨的改变众多，涉及软骨细胞的形态和代谢变化，以及细胞外基质大分子的生化和结构改变。
