Yu Yong, Chamorro-Premuzic Tomas, Honjo Shuji
Graduate School of Education and Human Development, University of Nagoya, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
J Aging Health. 2008 Aug;20(5):526-44. doi: 10.1177/0898264308317535. Epub 2008 May 2.
Current understanding of the use of psychological defense mechanisms (DMs) in older adults is limited. This study set out to examine individual differences in DMs and Cloninger's biosocial model of personality in two age groups (50-64, 65-93), as well as their influence on health.
A Japanese community sample (N = 330) completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).
Across age groups, psychological well-being was related to lower levels of harm avoidance and higher levels of self-directedness. In addition, older age was related to decreases in reward dependence, cooperativeness, and increases in self-transcendence, DMs of isolation, denial, and splitting.
An Age X Gender interaction revealed that men and women varied in their pattern of age differences for some specific DMs. Results further suggest that image-distortion defense may function to compensate resource loss.
目前对于老年人心理防御机制（DMs）使用情况的了解有限。本研究旨在考察两个年龄组（50 - 64岁、65 - 93岁）在心理防御机制和克隆宁格人格生物社会模型方面的个体差异，以及它们对健康的影响。
一个日本社区样本（N = 330）完成了气质与性格量表（TCI - 125）、防御方式问卷（DSQ - 40）和一般健康问卷（GHQ - 28）。
在各个年龄组中，心理健康与较低的回避伤害水平和较高的自我导向水平相关。此外，年龄较大与奖赏依赖、合作性的降低以及自我超越、隔离、否认和分裂等心理防御机制的增加有关。
年龄×性别交互作用表明，男性和女性在某些特定心理防御机制的年龄差异模式上有所不同。结果进一步表明，形象歪曲防御可能起到补偿资源损失的作用。
