Arya Neil
Physicians for Global Survival, Ottawa K1R 6P1.
Med Confl Surviv. 2008 Jan-Mar;24(1):25-41. doi: 10.1080/13623690701775205.
Economic sanctions are often considered to be a legitimate, more peaceful alternative to war. Using examples, particularly that of Iraq, it is evident that this is not necessarily so. As attempts are made to design coercion on nation states short of war, we must heed these examples and consider sanctions as a form of siege warfare. This paper attempts to refine criteria to allow the imposition of sanctions. These would be similar to those allowing the imposition of war. In the realm of international governance, not only must sanctions be employed by the authority of international society, after other less coercive measures have been attempted, they must be supported by the people whom they are meant to protect, and efforts must be made to minimise and to monitor their consequences.
经济制裁常常被视为战争之外一种合法且更为和平的选择。以伊拉克为例，很明显情况未必如此。在尝试设计非战争状态下对民族国家的强制手段时，我们必须留意这些例子，并将制裁视为一种围城战形式。本文试图完善制裁实施标准。这些标准应类似于允许发动战争的标准。在国际治理领域，制裁不仅必须由国际社会权威机构在尝试了其他强制性较弱的措施之后实施，还必须得到其旨在保护的民众的支持，并且必须努力将制裁后果降至最低并加以监测。
