Kiyomoto Masato, Kikuchi Ayumi, Morinaga Seiko, Unuma Tatuya, Yokota Yukio
Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Tateyama, Chiba, Japan.
Cell Biol Toxicol. 2008 Dec;24(6):611-20. doi: 10.1007/s10565-008-9073-y. Epub 2008 May 6.
Although estrogens have been detected in some echinoderm species, their role is not clearly understood; so we examined the effects of estrogens administered to sea urchin embryos and larvae. A typical malformation was exogastrulation, induced by the exposure to ethynylestradiol (EER) in a defined period of 12 h from 12 h after fertilization (HAF). Morphogenesis for gastrulation was delayed in the treated embryos: protrusion of the archenteron started at 30 HAF when gastrulation had already finished in normal embryos. Exogastrulation induced by EER was cancelled by the antiestrogen chemical, ICI182,780. Feeding larvae were less sensitive to estrogens than those in early embryogenesis and, at certain concentrations, developed without abnormal morphology. The effect of estrogens was examined at the level of gene expression of the major yolk protein (MYP). MYP expression started during the larval stage and was suppressed by estrone at the six-armed stage, but not by beta-estradiol, and in later stage larvae, the expression was not affected by treatment with either estrogen. Estrogens affect sea urchins in the early stage of embryogenesis, leading to abnormal morphogenesis and interference with gene expression.
尽管在一些棘皮动物物种中已检测到雌激素，但其作用尚不清楚；因此，我们研究了向海胆胚胎和幼虫施用雌激素的影响。一种典型的畸形是外胚层形成，它是在受精后12小时（HAF）起的特定12小时内暴露于乙炔雌二醇（EER）所诱导的。处理后的胚胎中，原肠胚形成的形态发生延迟：原肠突出在30 HAF时开始，而正常胚胎此时原肠胚形成已经完成。EER诱导的外胚层形成可被抗雌激素化学物质ICI182,780消除。摄食期幼虫对雌激素的敏感性低于早期胚胎发育阶段的幼虫，并且在一定浓度下，发育时没有异常形态。在主要卵黄蛋白（MYP）的基因表达水平上研究了雌激素的作用。MYP表达在幼虫阶段开始，在六腕幼虫阶段被雌酮抑制，但不受β-雌二醇抑制，在后期幼虫中，两种雌激素处理均不影响其表达。雌激素在胚胎发育早期影响海胆，导致异常形态发生并干扰基因表达。
