Zelnick Jennifer, Campbell Richard, Levenstein Charles, Balbach Edith
Organized Labor and Tobacco Project, Tufts University, Community Health Program, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Int J Health Serv. 2008;38(2):313-31. doi: 10.2190/HS.38.2.f.
As efforts to make U.S. worksites smoke-free took shape in the 1980s, the tobacco industry sought to defeat them by forming alliances with organized labor. The alliance between the tobacco industry and organized labor was based on framing the regulation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as a threat to jobs, an example of management unilateralism, and an issue that divided smoking and nonsmoking union members. The dynamics of organized labor and tobacco control began to change in the late 1980s with attempts to ban smoking on airlines and in the hospitality industry. Flight attendants, bar and restaurant workers, and casino dealers-all subject to ETS in their work environments-confronted ETS as an occupational health issue. Against the backdrop of increasing awareness of the hazards of ETS, and the acceptance of tobacco control policy, this framing changed the basis of organized labor's role in tobacco control. Because service workers share the workplace with the general public, their occupational health issues are also public health issues. This fact presents new opportunities for coalition building to protect the health of service workers and the public alike.
20世纪80年代，美国工作场所无烟化的努力初见成效，烟草行业试图通过与有组织的劳工结成联盟来挫败这些努力。烟草行业与有组织的劳工之间的联盟基于将环境烟草烟雾（ETS）监管框架化为对就业的威胁、管理单边主义的一个例子，以及一个使吸烟和不吸烟的工会成员产生分歧的问题。20世纪80年代末，随着在航空公司和酒店业禁烟的尝试，有组织的劳工与烟草控制的动态开始发生变化。空乘人员、酒吧和餐馆工作人员以及赌场发牌员——他们在工作环境中都受到ETS的影响——将ETS视为一个职业健康问题。在对ETS危害的认识不断提高以及烟草控制政策得到认可的背景下，这种框架改变了有组织的劳工在烟草控制中所扮演角色的基础。由于服务业工人与普通公众共享工作场所，他们的职业健康问题也是公共卫生问题。这一事实为建立联盟以保护服务业工人和公众的健康带来了新机遇。
