Hladik Florian, McElrath M Juliana
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Jun;8(6):447-57. doi: 10.1038/nri2302.
For more than two decades, HIV has infected millions of people worldwide each year through mucosal transmission. Our knowledge of how HIV secures a foothold at both the molecular and cellular levels has been expanded by recent investigations that have applied new technologies and used improved techniques to isolate ex vivo human tissue and generate in vitro cellular models, as well as more relevant in vivo animal challenge systems. Here, we review the current concepts of the immediate events that follow viral exposure at genital mucosal sites where most documented transmissions occur. Furthermore, we discuss the gaps in our knowledge that are relevant to future studies, which will shape strategies for effective HIV prevention.
二十多年来,每年全球都有数百万人通过黏膜传播感染艾滋病毒。最近的研究运用新技术、采用改进技术分离离体人体组织并建立体外细胞模型以及更具相关性的体内动物攻毒系统,从而扩展了我们对艾滋病毒如何在分子和细胞水平上立足的认识。在此,我们综述了在大多数有记录的传播发生的生殖器黏膜部位病毒暴露后即刻事件的当前概念。此外,我们还讨论了与未来研究相关的知识空白,这些空白将塑造有效的艾滋病毒预防策略。