Pattamadilok Chotiga, Perre Laetitia, Dufau Stéphane, Ziegler Johannes C
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2009 Jan;21(1):169-79. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21014.
Literacy changes the way the brain processes spoken language. Most psycholinguists believe that orthographic effects on spoken language are either strategic or restricted to meta-phonological tasks. We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate the locus and the time course of orthographic effects on spoken word recognition in a semantic task. Participants were asked to decide whether a given word belonged to a semantic category (body parts). On no-go trials, words were presented that were either orthographically consistent or inconsistent. Orthographic inconsistency (i.e., multiple spellings of the same phonology) could occur either in the first or the second syllable. The ERP data showed a clear orthographic consistency effect that preceded lexical access and semantic effects. Moreover, the onset of the orthographic consistency effect was time-locked to the arrival of the inconsistency in a spoken word, which suggests that orthography influences spoken language in a time-dependent manner. The present data join recent evidence from brain imaging showing orthographic activation in spoken language tasks. Our results extend those findings by showing that orthographic activation occurs early and affects spoken word recognition in a semantic task that does not require the explicit processing of orthographic or phonological structure.
读写能力会改变大脑处理口语的方式。大多数心理语言学家认为，正字法对口语的影响要么是策略性的，要么仅限于元语音任务。我们使用事件相关脑电位（ERP）来研究在语义任务中，正字法对口语单词识别的影响位点和时间进程。参与者被要求判断给定的单词是否属于一个语义类别（身体部位）。在否反应试验中，呈现的单词在正字法上要么一致，要么不一致。正字法不一致（即同一语音的多种拼写）可能出现在第一个或第二个音节中。ERP数据显示，在词汇通达和语义效应之前，存在明显的正字法一致性效应。此外，正字法一致性效应的起始时间与口语单词中不一致部分的出现时间同步，这表明正字法以时间依赖的方式影响口语。目前的数据与近期脑成像证据一致，这些证据显示在口语任务中存在正字法激活。我们的研究结果扩展了这些发现，表明正字法激活发生在早期，并在一个不需要明确处理正字法或语音结构的语义任务中影响口语单词识别。
