Nethery Elizabeth, Brauer Michael, Janssen Patti
School of Environmental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009 Mar;19(3):317-24. doi: 10.1038/jes.2008.24. Epub 2008 May 14.
Numerous studies suggest that in utero exposures to environmental contaminants are associated with fetal development, congenital anomalies, learning difficulties or other health impacts later in life. Although location and time-activity data have been used to model exposure to specific contaminants in epidemiological studies, little information is available about time-activity patterns of pregnant women. We measured changes in location-based activity patterns over the course of pregnancy (48-h periods, during two or three trimesters) using a self-reported time-activity log among a nonrandom sample of pregnant women (n=62). We assessed the influence of demographics and personal factors on changes in activity over pregnancy using mixed effects regression models. Increasing weeks of pregnancy was a significant predictor for increased time spent at home (1 h/day increase for each trimester of pregnancy), after adjusting for income (2.6 more h/day at home in lowest income group), work status (3.5 more h/day at home for nonworkers) and other children in the family (1.5 more h/day at home with other children). No other measured activities (time outdoors, time in transit modalities or time in other indoor locations) were related to weeks of pregnancy. As our results indicate that pregnant women tend to spend more time at home during the latter stages of pregnancy, future exposure and epidemiological research should consider the potential increase in home-based exposures (i.e., indoor air pollution or chemicals in the home) late in pregnancy, and increased confidence in exposure proxies based on home locations or characteristics during the same period.
众多研究表明，子宫内暴露于环境污染物与胎儿发育、先天性异常、学习困难或日后生活中的其他健康影响有关。尽管在流行病学研究中，位置和时间活动数据已被用于模拟对特定污染物的暴露，但关于孕妇的时间活动模式的信息却很少。我们使用自我报告的时间活动日志，对一组非随机抽取的孕妇（n = 62）在孕期（妊娠中期或晚期的48小时时间段）内基于位置的活动模式变化进行了测量。我们使用混合效应回归模型评估了人口统计学和个人因素对孕期活动变化的影响。在调整了收入（最低收入组每天在家多待2.6小时）、工作状态（非工作者每天在家多待3.5小时）和家庭中的其他孩子（有其他孩子的家庭每天在家多待1.5小时）等因素后，孕期周数的增加是在家时间增加的一个显著预测因素（妊娠每增加一个阶段，每天在家时间增加1小时）。没有其他测量的活动（户外时间、出行时间或在其他室内场所的时间）与孕期周数相关。由于我们的结果表明孕妇在妊娠后期往往会在家中花费更多时间，未来的暴露和流行病学研究应考虑妊娠后期在家中暴露（即室内空气污染或家中化学品）的潜在增加，以及基于同期家庭位置或特征的暴露代理的可信度增加。
