Ye Wenlu, Campbell Devan, Johnson Michael, Balakrishnan Kalpana, Peel Jennifer L, Steenland Kyle, Underhill Lindsay J, Rosa Ghislaine, Kirby Miles A, Díaz-Artiga Anaité, McCracken John, Thompson Lisa M, Clark Maggie L, Waller Lance A, Chang Howard H, Wang Jiantong, Dusabimana Ephrem, Ndagijimana Florien, Sambandam Sankar, Mukhopadhyay Krishnendu, Chiang Marilu, Hartinger Stella M, Nicolaou Laura, Williams Kendra, Piedrahita Ricardo, Kearns Katherine A, Kremer Jacob, Ghosh Ahana, Rosenthal Joshua P, Checkley William, Clasen Thomas, Naeher Luke, Pillarisetti Ajay
Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94609, United States.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Jan 14;59(1):69-81. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06337. Epub 2024 Dec 30.
Exposure to household air pollution has been linked to adverse health outcomes among women aged 40-79. Little is known about how shifting from biomass cooking to a cleaner fuel like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) could impact exposures for this population. We report 24-h exposures to particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO) among women aged 40 to <80 years participating in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial. 209 participants were randomized to the intervention and received an LPG stove and continuous fuel supply; controls used biomass ( = 209). Exposures were measured up to six times; we used mixed-effects models to estimate differences between intervention and control groups. Preintervention exposures between groups were comparable; median postintervention exposures were 62% (76.3 vs 29.3 μg/m), 73% (10.4 vs 2.8 μg/m), and 57% (1.4 vs 0.6 ppm) lower for PM, BC, and CO among LPG users than for controls. Reductions were similar across countries; 70% of PM exposures after intervention were below the annual WHO interim target I (IT-1) value of 35 μg/m. We provide evidence that implementing an LPG intervention can reduce air pollution exposure over an 18-month period to at or below the annual WHO IT-1 guideline.
接触家用空气污染与40 - 79岁女性的不良健康结果有关。对于从生物质烹饪转向使用更清洁的燃料（如液化石油气）如何影响该人群的接触情况，我们知之甚少。我们报告了参与家用空气污染干预网络试验的40至80岁女性中颗粒物（PM）、黑碳（BC）和一氧化碳（CO）的24小时接触情况。209名参与者被随机分配到干预组，获得了一个液化石油气炉灶和持续的燃料供应；对照组使用生物质燃料（n = 209）。接触情况测量了多达六次；我们使用混合效应模型来估计干预组和对照组之间的差异。两组干预前的接触情况相当；干预后，液化石油气使用者的PM、BC和CO的接触中位数分别比对照组低62%（76.3对29.3 μg/m³）、73%（10.4对2.8 μg/m³）和57%（1.4对0.6 ppm）。各国的减少情况相似；干预后70%的PM接触低于世界卫生组织年度临时目标I（IT - 1）值35 μg/m³。我们提供的证据表明，实施液化石油气干预措施可以在18个月内将空气污染接触降低到或低于世界卫生组织IT - 1年度指南水平。
