Grismer M E, Schnurrenberger C, Arst R, Hogan M P
Department of LAWR-Hydrology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2009 Mar;150(1-4):365-83. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0236-3. Epub 2008 May 16.
Revegetation and soil restoration efforts, often associated with erosion control measures on disturbed soils, are rarely monitored or otherwise evaluated in terms of improved hydrologic, much less, ecologic function and longer term sustainability. As in many watersheds, sediment is a key parameter of concern in the Tahoe Basin, particularly fine sediments less than about ten microns. Numerous erosion control measures deployed in the Basin during the past several decades have under-performed, or simply failed after a few years and new soil restoration methods of erosion control are under investigation. We outline a comprehensive, integrated field-based evaluation and assessment of the hydrologic function associated with these soil restoration methods with the hypothesis that restoration of sustainable function will result in longer term erosion control benefits than that currently achieved with more commonly used surface treatment methods (e.g. straw/mulch covers and hydroseeding). The monitoring includes cover-point and ocular assessments of plant cover, species type and diversity; soil sampling for nutrient status; rainfall simulation measurement of infiltration and runoff rates; cone penetrometer measurements of soil compaction and thickness of mulch layer depths. Through multi-year hydrologic and vegetation monitoring at ten sites and 120 plots, we illustrate the results obtained from the integrated monitoring program and describe how it might guide future restoration efforts and monitoring assessments.
植被恢复和土壤修复工作通常与扰动土壤的侵蚀控制措施相关联，但很少就改善水文功能（更不用说生态功能和长期可持续性）进行监测或以其他方式评估。与许多流域一样，沉积物是太浩湖流域关注的关键参数，尤其是小于约十微米的细颗粒沉积物。在过去几十年里，该流域部署的众多侵蚀控制措施效果不佳，或者几年后就彻底失效，目前正在研究新的土壤修复侵蚀控制方法。我们概述了一项基于实地的全面综合评估，以评估与这些土壤修复方法相关的水文功能，并提出假设：恢复可持续功能将比目前更常用的地表处理方法（如秸秆/覆盖物覆盖和水力播种）带来更长期的侵蚀控制效益。监测内容包括对植物覆盖、物种类型和多样性进行覆盖点和目视评估；采集土壤样本以测定养分状况；通过降雨模拟测量入渗率和径流率；用圆锥贯入仪测量土壤压实度和覆盖层深度。通过在十个地点和120个地块进行多年的水文和植被监测，我们展示了综合监测计划所获得的结果，并描述了它如何指导未来的恢复工作和监测评估。
