Saab Carl Y, Waxman Stephen G, Hains Bryan C
Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School and Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, NAB 210, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Brain Res Rev. 2008 Jun;58(1):226-35. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.04.002. Epub 2008 Apr 9.
The nociceptive nervous system and the immune system serve to defend and alarm the host of imminent or actual damage. However, persistent or recurring exposure of neurons to activated immune cells is associated with an increase in painful behavior following experimental neuropathic injuries. Our understanding of the functional consequences of immune cell-neuron interaction is still incomplete. The purpose of this review is to focus on a seriously detrimental consequence of chronic activation of these two systems, by discussing the contributions of microglia and polymorphonuclear neutrophils to neuropathic pain following experimental spinal cord injury or peripheral nerve injury. Identification of molecules mediating pro-nociceptive signaling between immune cells and neurons, as well as the distinction between neuroprotective versus neuroexcitatory effects of activated immune cells, may be useful in the development of pharmacotherapy for the management of chronic pain and restoration of the beneficial alarm function of pain.
伤害感受神经系统和免疫系统的作用是保护宿主并警示其即将发生或实际遭受的损伤。然而，在实验性神经病理性损伤后，神经元持续或反复暴露于活化的免疫细胞会导致疼痛行为增加。我们对免疫细胞与神经元相互作用的功能后果的理解仍不完整。本综述的目的是通过讨论小胶质细胞和多形核中性粒细胞在实验性脊髓损伤或周围神经损伤后对神经性疼痛的作用，来关注这两个系统慢性激活的严重有害后果。鉴定介导免疫细胞与神经元之间促伤害感受信号传导的分子，以及区分活化免疫细胞的神经保护作用与神经兴奋作用，可能有助于开发治疗慢性疼痛的药物疗法，并恢复疼痛有益的警示功能。
