Acheson Ashley, de Wit Harriet
Department of Pharmacology, Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Apr;16(2):113-23. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.16.2.113.
Bupropion is an effective abstinence aid for cessation of smoking and possibly other drug use as well. There is evidence that bupropion improves attention and impulse control in certain patient populations, and improvements in these processes could mediate its efficacy as an abstinence aid. In the present study, we tested the effects of acute bupropion on measures of attention and impulsivity in healthy adults with d-amphetamine included as a positive control. Twenty-two nonsmokers (11 women) and 11 smokers (4 women) completed four 4-hr sessions where they received placebo, bupropion (150 or 300 mg), or d-amphetamine (20 mg) in capsules. Ninety minutes after capsule administration, participants were tested on attention with a simple reaction time task (SRT) and on impulsivity with the stop task, a delay and probability discounting task (DPD), and the balloon analogue risk task (BART). Participants also completed mood questionnaires during sessions. Bupropion (150 mg) decreased lapses in attention on the SRT, but did not affect performance on the stop task, DPD, or BART. Amphetamine decreased lapses in attention and speeded sensory motor processing time on the SRT but did not significantly affect responding on the stop task or DPD. On the BART, d-amphetamine tended to decrease risk taking in men but increased risk taking in women. Bupropion (300 mg) and d-amphetamine increased ratings of arousal. These results suggest that bupropion improves attention without affecting impulsive behavior in healthy adults. Improvements in attention may contribute to the effectiveness of bupropion as a pharmacotherapy for smoking.
安非他酮是一种有效的戒烟辅助药物，也可能对其他药物成瘾的戒除有效。有证据表明，安非他酮可改善某些患者群体的注意力和冲动控制能力，而这些过程的改善可能介导其作为戒除辅助药物的疗效。在本研究中，我们测试了急性给予安非他酮对健康成年人注意力和冲动性测量指标的影响，并将右旋苯丙胺作为阳性对照。22名非吸烟者（11名女性）和11名吸烟者（4名女性）完成了四个4小时的实验环节，期间他们服用了胶囊形式的安慰剂、安非他酮（150或300毫克）或右旋苯丙胺（20毫克）。在服用胶囊90分钟后，参与者接受了简单反应时任务（SRT）的注意力测试，以及停止任务、延迟和概率折扣任务（DPD）和气球模拟风险任务（BART）的冲动性测试。参与者在实验过程中还完成了情绪问卷。安非他酮（150毫克）减少了SRT任务中的注意力失误，但对停止任务、DPD或BART任务的表现没有影响。苯丙胺减少了SRT任务中的注意力失误，并加快了感觉运动处理时间，但对停止任务或DPD任务的反应没有显著影响。在BART任务中，右旋苯丙胺倾向于降低男性的冒险行为，但增加了女性的冒险行为。安非他酮（300毫克）和右旋苯丙胺提高了唤醒评分。这些结果表明，安非他酮可改善健康成年人的注意力，而不影响冲动行为。注意力的改善可能有助于安非他酮作为戒烟药物治疗的有效性。
